Research On Coastal Defense Of Zhedong In Southern Song Dynasty

China is not only a land country,but also an ocean country.Coast defense is closely related to the prosperity of the country.However,due to factors such as ancient politics and geography,traditional Chinese border defense has always focused on land defense,and there is very little coast defense construction.Until the Southern Song Dynasty,due to the changes of the country's political,economic,and cultural centers,and the rising of the water warfare strength of the northern minority,the coast defense received the attention of the state and became one of the priorities of the national border defense.China's coastline is far-reaching,and the coastal areas from the north to the south are key areas of coastal defense.And,due to its political,geographical and economic factors,the two eastern roads have become a major point of defense in the Southern Song Dynasty.In order to cope with the invasion of the hostile regime in the north and achieve the purpose of archiving the capital,the Southern Song Dynasty adopted a series of coastal defense construction measures on the two eastern roads and built a relatively systematic defense system.The status of coastal defense in the two eastern roads of the Southern Song Dynasty was not formed in a day,but began in the Northern Song Dynasty.In the Northern Song Dynasty,there was already a certain coastal defense foundation,but the coastal defense of the Northern Song Dynasty only occupied a small part of the national defense system,and because the capital city was in the north,its defense focus was on the Shandong Peninsula in the north.Until the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty,the capital moved to Lin'an,and the strategic position of the coastal defense of the two eastern roads gradually formed.The Southern Song Dynasty adopted a series of coastal defense measures on the East Zhejiang Road.Starting from the establishment of a fulltime coastal defense agency,the coastal manufacturing system,the two eastern Zhejiang Roads have built a strong water army and maritime warning mechanism.The armed forces have also become an indispensable part of Zhedong's coastal defense.The Southern Song Dynasty was the dynasty that first carried out large-scale coastal defense construction in ancient Chinese history.As the representative area of the two eastern Zhejiang Roads,it possessed the unique characteristics of coastal defense construction during this period.During the Southern Song Dynasty compared to the Northern Song Dynasty,the battlefield of the navy was expanding,from inland rivers and lakes to the ocean,the navy's combat area expanded and the role it played in the war was more obvious.This action was carried out during the turbulent period of the Southern Song Dynasty.In the defensive construction operation,the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty participated either passively or spontaneously,forming a unique phenomenon of joint military and civilian governance.At the same time,due to the lack of relevant experience and the multi-faceted involvement of civil forces,the southern Song Dynasty coastal defense in the two eastern Zhejiang Roads showed obvious defects.Despite this,in the Southern Song Dynasty,the coastal defense construction of Zhedong Road played a major role in defending the enemy against the enemy and maintaining internal stability.To a certain extent,its prosperity affected the rise and fall of the Southern Song Dynasty.