The Establishment And Consolidation Of The Kingdom Of Jerusalem

The kingdom of Jerusalem was the result of victory in the first crusade.In 1099,the turbulent city of Jerusalem fell to the Franks for the first time.With this holy city as the center,the kingdom of Jerusalem was born,and in the early 12 th century,after more than 20 years of operation,based in the east,became the center of the Latin east.It stabilized the basic situation of the frankish countries and started the national history of nearly 200 years later.The kingdom of Jerusalem is the product of religious ideals.At the beginning of its establishment,it has experienced many difficulties and faced many challenges.The kingdom lacks strategic depth and is surrounded by powerful enemies.Fatima Egypt and Damascus launched repeated offensives to regain control of the holy city.The kingdom had not yet established a complete feudal system,so it was necessary to quickly establish a relatively stable and complete feudal relationship,straighten out the relations among the frankish states,and maintain unity and unity.At the same time,the kingdom was faced with a discordant relationship between kingship and church.The boundary is not clear,and the power division is not clear,certainly must give face up to and begin to solve.From Godfrey,Baldwin I to Baldwin ?,the three generations of leaders of the kingdom gradually solved these key problems through unremitting efforts over more than 20 years,laying the foundation for their future survival and development.In the great security crisis,the kingdom first won the battle of Ascalon,defended the victory of the war,and ensured the survival of the kingdom.Then,from the beginning of Godfrey,the military strategy of active offensive was basically determined.And the territory was continuously expanded to the coastal zone,with an effort to increase the depth of space.The Franks focused on capturing the major seaports along the coast,using the naval power of the maritime republics of Venice,Genoa,and Pisa to attack and break the blockade one by one.Eventually,after capturing Tyre,the kingdom captured all the coastal cities except Ascalon and basically conquered Palestine.The military victory fundamentally ensured the survival of the kingdom.Politically,the kingdom tried to build a relatively stable and complete feudal system.Internally,the three generations of monarchs consolidated their ruling base by means of land,money and immigration,forming a relatively complete elite class of feudal aristocracy centered on the German group.With the continuous military victory and the continuous improvement of the feudal relationship,the royal power was gradually strengthened,and the basic stable situation was finally formed by the time of Baldwin ?.In addition,the maritime republics of Italy are gradually entering into the national power system through agreement and power exchange,becoming an important constituent force in national politics.Externally,the kingdom had been actively coordinating its relations with other frankish countries,becoming the center of the feudal relations in the Latin east.From Baldwin I to Baldwin ?,the kingdom strongly supported Antioch and Edessa,supported the establishment of the country of Tripoli,resolved major military crises many times,stabilized the situation in northern Syria,and played a crucial role in the formation and development of Latin east.Finally,because of the special religious status of the city of Jerusalem,the church was bound to play an indispensable role in the kingdom.In the early 12 th century,the kingdom went through a series of difficult adjustments between the secular monarch and the church power,from disharmony to harmony,from contradiction and even fierce conflict,to compromise and cooperation.Finally,in the period of Baldwin ?,a relatively stable relationship between church and state was formed,which further promoted the consolidation of the internal state power,and in turn promoted the further military victory of the kingdom,resulting in a win-win situation.