An Experimental Study Of Attentional Bias To Emotional Picture In College Students With Different Solitary Ability

Human beings are social creatures,but many people like to be alone,such as Tao Yuanming who is first official and then hidden,and the philosopher Kant.Some studies have found that individuals with high solitary ability can relieve stress,regulate emotions,adjust self-cognition,and regain energy when they are alone,which is like a "charging" process.So,how does solitude with emotional and cognitive functions reflect in cognitive attention? No specific empirical research has yet been found to explain it.Therefore,this study introduces two paradigms of exploring attentional bias,namely,the point detection experimental paradigm and the clue-target experimental paradigm,in two experimental studies to explore whether the attentional bias of individuals to emotional pictures is correlated with their solitude ability.In this study,college students were selected by using the Chinese version of the Ability to be Alone Scale and the Depression Self-rating Scale.Invalid and inadequate questionnaires were deleted,and the subjects with a high self-score of depression(depression severity index greater than 0.5)and those unwilling to participate in the experiment were excluded.According to the extreme grouping method,519 questionnaires set 27% of the highest score as the high solitary ability group and 27% of the lowest score as the low solitary ability group,finally 131 valid subjects were obtained and there are 65 in the study?and 66 subjects in the study ?.The 18 emotional pictures used in the practice experiment and 90 emotional pictures used in the formalexperiment come from the International Emotional Picture System(IAPS),and are divided into three categories according to the degree of pleasure:positive,neutral,and negative.The emotional picture content includes scenes of people,animals,and scenery.Experiment using E-prime 2.0program,record the response of the subjects to the detection points and target stimulus at different emotional picture positions,to examine the influence of different solitary abilities on attention bias,and analyze the intrinsic components of attentional bias of high and low solitary ability level group.Study ? uses the point detection paradigm to explore the attention bias of high and low solitary ability subjects on emotional pictures,and adopt 2(grouping: the high solitary ability group and the low solitary ability group)* 3(emotional pictures' types: positive,neutral and negative)two-factor mixed experimental design,and the results show that:(1)The reaction time of the subjects with high solitary ability to the detection points on the positive emotional picture is significantly lower than that of the low solitary ability group,and the reaction time of the subjects with high solitary ability to the detection points on the positive emotional picture is significantly lower than that of the detection points on the neutral emotional pictures and negative emotional pictures.(2)The reaction time of the subjects with low solitary ability to the detection points on the negative emotional picture is not significantly different from that of the subjects with high solitary ability,and the reaction time of the subjects with low solitary ability to the detection points on the negative emotional picture is not significantly different from the positive and neutral emotional pictures.(3)There are no significant differences in the responses of high and low solitary ability subjects to the detection points on the neutral emotion pictures.Study ? further explores the intrinsic components of attention bias with the clue-target experimental paradigm,using 2(grouping: the high solitary ability group and the low solitary ability group)*3(emotional picture type: positive,neutral and negative)* 2(types of clues: valid and invalid)three-factor mixed experimental design,and the results show that:(1)Under the prompt of valid clues,the reaction time of the subjects with high solitary ability to the target stimulus on the positive emotional picture is significantly lower than the low solitary ability group,and the reaction time of the subjects with high solitary ability to the target stimulus on the positive emotional picture is significantly lower than the neutral and negative emotional pictures.(2)Under the prompt of invalid clues,there are no significant differences in the reaction time of the high and low solitary ability subjects to the target stimulus on the three types of emotional pictures.Based on two studies,the study conclusions are following:(1)The subjects with high solitary ability show an attentional bias towards positive emotional pictures,and the specific component is attention vigilance rather than attention maintenance.Moreover,there are no significant attentional bias to neutral or negative emotional pictures.(2)The subjects with low solitary ability do not have significant attentional bias to positive,neutral or negative emotional pictures.