A Study Of Nozick's Deontological View Of Justice

Freedom is an important issue in philosophical discussion,and the theory of justice represented by liberalism has been fiercely discussed by western philosophers.After the Second World War,the liberal democratic systems of Western countries have developed rapidly.Various rights to protect the interests of citizens have been legally supported.The people's living conditions have gradually stabilized,thus the rapid economic development has been achieved.However,it is precisely because of the continuous prosperity of the economy that the gap between the rich and the poor and the inequality of various rights have emerged in society.The self-adjustment of capitalist society is to solve the social problems in development by improving the social welfare system.Rawls-style liberalism is a philosophical expression of the post-war social development in Europe.The publication of his "A Theory of Justice" and the theory of "justice as fairness" put forward in his theory have triggered people's extensive discussions on freedom,equality and institutional justice."A Theory of Justice" inherits and develops the tradition of Western contract theory,replacing the natural state of the early contract theory with the screen of ignorance and the original state,and obtains the "principle of justice as fairness" that guides the basic structure of society.Rawls' s principles of justice are the product of the reconciliation of utilitarian and deontology."As a principle of justice and fairness" attempts to overcome the shortcoming of utilitarian while safeguarding inviolable individual rights——it can infringe or even sacrifice individual rights for the maximum of the overall interests of society,while retaining utilitarian's worthy egalitarian and the thought of welfarism.To justify closing the gap between the rich and the poor in society.The principles of justice that reconcile utilitarianism and deontology have also been criticized from utilitarianism and deontology.Nozick's "Anarchy,State,and Utopia" appears as "extreme liberalism." If Rawls' s thoughts are "neo-liberal" ideas,then Nozick's ideas can be called "neo-classical liberalism" ideas.Its minimalist theory is essentially close to Locke's classical liberalism,from the standpoint of deontology.The criticism of Rawls Justice.Its "new" is relative to Rawls' s egalitarian liberalism.If Rawls' s justice theory is closer to the equal end,Nozick's justice theory is closer to the free end.Nozick's view of justice on deontology is a necessary way to understand the development of contemporary Western ethical thoughts on justice.This paper tries to reveal the thinking direction and main content of Nozick's concept of obligatory justice and to evaluate the legitimacy and limitation of Nozick's concept of obligatory justice.This paper is divided into five parts.The first chapter introduces the theoretical and practical significance of the topic,and summarizes the research on Nozick's concept of obligatory justice by Chinese and Western scholars.This paper introduces the research ideas and methods.The second chapter elaborates the theoretical background of Nozick's theory of justice.The development of deontology and utilitarian in the west and the reconciliation of deontology and utilitarian by Rawls' s theory of justice are analyzed.Rawls' s two principles of justice try to reconcile deontology and utilitarian.It is because of his inherent contradiction in the reconciliation between deontology and utilitarian that Nozick finds loopholes in his theory of justice and criticizes it.The third chapter explores Nozick's view of justice.From the standpoint of deontology,Nozick agrees with the principle of equality and freedom proposed by Rawls,but firmly opposes its principle of difference.He made a strong criticism of the "social cooperation" and "natural endowment" mentioned in the Rawls difference principle,and gradually established the concept of obligatory justice.Nozick believes that justice depends on rights.He firmly supports the moral principle that individual rights are sacred and inviolable.The fourth chapter explores Nozick's view of the smallest country.Nozick opposed anarchist countries and countries with too many functions established on the basis of social contract theory.By analyzing the characteristics and evolution of "natural States" to "relief agencies" to "ultra-small countries" and finally to "smallest countries",He emphasized that the best state of the country was the "smallest state",which was an obligatory framework,a country that was limited to the limited functions of preventing violence,stealing,deception and emphasizing the fulfilment of contracts.The fifth chapter comments on Nozick's concept of obligatory justice.Nozick's view of the smallest country is produced under the basic condition of "inviolable individual rights".The concept of the smallest country will inevitably produce its own theoretical dilemma.Nozick later tactfully made some amendments to his thoughts on justice,seizing the main part of these revised ideas,namely the balance between deontology and utilitarian,the balance between individual rights and the rights of the state,and thinking about the implications of this turn.To deepen the study of the theory of justice and to the modern state governance has a certain reference significance.