Research On Greenish White Porcelain Remains In Tudong Kiln In The Song Dynasty In Pubei,Guangxi

Tudong kiln was one of the main kiln sites for burning greenish white porcelain in the upper reaches of the Wusi River in Guangxi in the Song Dynasty.It was created in the middle and late period of the Southern Song Dynasty,the kiln sites are distributed along the two sides of the Wusi river,such as Shanggong village,Fen village,Pingtang village and Tudong village,extending for about two kilometers.The kiln is mainly made of fired greenish white porcelain,and its shape and decoration are very different from the greenish white porcelain products of the Beiliu River basin in the Song Dynasty in Guangxi.Due to the lack of literature records and related scientific research,the research on producing process and internal mechanism such as the raw material,composition,firing atmosphere and temperature is insufficient,and the discussion of issues such as the place of origin material,technical exchange and sales lacks scientific data support;and with the intensification of urbanization,the existing kilns along the Wusi River were severely damaged,and some of the kiln sites have even been razed to the ground,so the research on the remains of the Tudong kilns is imminent.Therefore,for the first time,this article used ceramic water absorption machine,thermal expansion machine,and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to measure the water absorption rate,firing temperature and chemical element composition of body and glaze of Tudong kiln products,the relevant data were processed by means of multivariate statistical analysis and compared with the data of greenish white porcelain from Jingdezhen,Fanchang and Dehua kilns in the same period,and tries to discuss the raw material source,firing technology,technical origin and market sales of greenish white porcelain in Tudong kilns from the intrinsic properties of the wares,and then restore the development vein and evolution law of Tudong kilns.The following are the main conclusions of this study:1.The water absorption rate of Tudong kiln greenishwhite porcelain is between0.80%and 4.87%,with an average value of 2.37%.The overall water absorption rate is lower and the body quality is more delicate,which is close to that of the greenish white porcelain in the local kiln sites,but higher than that of the other porcelain,which may be related to the relatively backward technology of body making in guangxi in the song dynasty2.The firing temperature of Tudong kiln greenishwhite porcelain fluctuated between 1197.0?¹420.0?,with an average value of 1290.6?.The sintering degree of the body was high,and the compactness was good.The average firing temperature was close to that of the local Guiping kiln in the same period.It is slightly higher than the greenish white porcelains of Hubei Qingshan kiln and Fujian Dehua kiln,but much higher than that of Jiangxi Jizhou kiln,Hutian kiln and Nanshijiekiln.The higher firing temperature is inseparable from the high-aluminum body materials in Guangxi,which also shows that with the accumulation of early experience,Guangxi already hasthe high level of porcelain kilns in the late Song Dynasty.3.The body quality of Tudong kiln greenish whiteporcelain has the characteristics of high silicon?67.40%to 72.81%?,high potassium?1.71%to 5.53%?,and low aluminum?19.86%to 23.69%?.The greenish white bodies in the site of Fanchang kiln in Anhui and Qingshan kiln in Hubei are similar,but they have higher Al₂O₃ content than the products of Jingdezhen,Jiangxi;the body material is made by using Guangxi local porcelain stone alone.4.The glaze of Tudong kiln greenishwhite porcelain belongs to the type of calcium glaze in the calcium series glaze,but the glaze of some products is closer to the potassium calcium glaze;the composition of the porcelain glaze is similar to the greenish glaze of the local kiln in the same period,and the difference is mainly in the content of alkali metal oxides K₂O and Na₂O;the porcelain glaze is configured by using the method of glaze fruit and glaze ash.