| Fenghuang city is located in the east of Liaodong Peninsula,adjacent to Benxi and Liaoyang in the north,adjacent to Xiuyan and Zhuanghe in the west,and more than 420 miles southeast of Fengtian in the south.It is located at the extreme of Fengtian,across the river from North Korea,is the special place in the special area,and the strategic position is very important.Therefore,the Qing Dynasty paid special attention to the administrative management of the region.However,affected by many factors,Fenghuang city has adjusted the administrative structure many times in order to promote the stable development of the region.In the early Qing Dynasty,there is setting up a officer named Chengshouguan(a city guard)in Fenghuang city.In the twenty-sixth years of Kangxi(1687),was changed into Chengshouwei.He was in charge of the Eight Baners affairs and established the Bannerman(with Manchu as the main component)management system in Fenghuang city.Due to the particularity of geographical location,the Eight Baners officials,especially Chengshouwei,are different from other areas of Shengjing in their daily government affairs in Fenghuang city.They should not only manage local affairs,but also be responsible for receiving Korean envoys,levying Zhongjiang tax,managing Chinese and Korean drifters and so on,which have certain particularity.The affairs of commoners(with Han as the main component)in Fenghuang city are administered by neighboring states and counties before the establishment of a civil affairs agency.With the increase of Han immigrants,the contradiction between Bannerman and commoners,is gradually acute,and the management organization of commoners is set up as a result.In the thirty-seventh years of Qianlong(1772),there was set up Xiuyan council hall in Xiuyan and patrol in Fenghuang city in the forty-first years of Qianlong(1777).The patrol is under the jurisdiction of Xiuyan hall.In the sixth years of Daoguang(1826)changed Xiuyan council hall into Xiuyan Fenghuang city coastal defense hall,but Fenghuang city still set up inspection,Fenghuang city commoners management system was initially established.During the period of Tongzhi and Guang Xu,the social crisis in the eastern region was serious,which contributed to the reform of Fenghuang city administrative organization.In the second years of GuangXu(1876),patrol in Fenghuang city was changed to Fenghuang city direct Hall.In the third years of GuangXu(1877),the Dongbian dao was set up.All the government offices were set up in Fenghuang city,marking the formal establishment of the Fenghuang city commoners management system.With the establishment of the Civil Affairs Department,the Fenghuang city official system has changed from a monistic management system that only manages the Bannerman to a dual management system for the Bannerman and commoners.In the late Qing Dynasty,with the invasion of the great powers and the establishment of the three provinces in Northeast China,the resident government office of the Dongbian dao moved from Fenghuang city to Andong and changed its name to Xingfeng dao.After the reform of the Eight Baners official,the office of the the Eight Baners official was gradually transferred to the civil official,so that it was finally abolished,and the Fenghuang city official system experienced the transition from the dual management system of the the Bannerman and commoners to the unified management system of the commoners.Fenghuang city area has experienced eight banners garrison,Xiuyan council hall,Xiuyan Fenghuang city coastal defense hall,Fenghuang city direct Hall,Dongbian dao three different administrative management system jurisdiction.From the initial the Eight Banner garrison,that is,the unitary administrative management system,to the parallel management mode of the dual administrative management system of the Bannerman,which was set up gradually,and then to the stage change of the monistic management system established in the late Qing Dynasty and gradually abolished by the Eight Banner officials,it is of great significance for the Qing government to set up the management mode according to the local conditions and the local conditions with the development of the society.By rebuilding the history of official development in Fenghuang city,the study of local history of Fenghuang city can be deepened,and it can be used for Fenghuang city in the future.The political development of urban area provides reference,at the same time,it also has certain significance to the official system of Qing Dynasty and the research of border defense and coastal defense in Northeast China. |
