Research On "One Home,Two Systems" Of Public Old-age Care Institutions Under The Perspective Of PPP

Under the background of aging population all over the world,the United States,Japan,Australia and other countries actively adopt the idea of combining welfare and industrialization to apply the modes of Public-Private Partnership(abbreviated as PPP)in elderly care projects.PPP has become the main development pattern of institution-based care services in developed countries.The degree of population aging in China is also deepening,while institution-based care services are in short supply on the total amount,and there are serious structural contradictions in institution-based care services.Focusing on the private-run of public facilities,the reform of public old-age care institutions has been constantly deepening in China,and "one home,two systems" comes to be an ideal choice for both public old-age care institutions and social capital in practice.In recent years,with a new round of promotion and application of PPP in Chinese governance,the combination of PPP and the reform of public old-age care institutions seems to be possible.Based on the above background,this thesis takes Nanjing Zutangshan Social Welfare Home as an example,and uses literature analysis method,case study method,interview method and comparative research method to research the following problems from the perspective of PPP:First,the theoretical basis of private-run of public facilities and "one home,two systems";second,the management system and operation mechanism of "one home,two systems";third,the legitimacy,effectiveness and institutional superiority of "one home,two systems";fourth,the optimal path of China's reform of public old-age care institutions under present situations and its advocacy measures.Firstly,this thesis comprehensively expounds the scope and links of the application of PPP modes in the field of old-age care institutions,try to put forward the "double-layer PPP" as the theoretical basis of "one home,two systems" according to the particularity of "one home,two systems",and then build the institutional analysis framework for "one home,two systems".Secondly,basing on the summarization of the development process of "one home,two systems" in Nanjing Zutangshan Social Welfare Home and focusing on the internal relationship between public-private partners,this thesis sums up the motivation in the formation of "one home,two systems",analyses the institutional characteristics of "one home,two systems" deeply.Thirdly,this thesis evaluates the "one home,two systems" in Nanjing Zutangshan Social Welfare Home overall,and demonstrates the legitimacy,effectiveness and institutional superiority of "one home,two systems".Finally,this thesis clarifies the theoretical and practical significance of "one home,two systems",and comes up with corresponding policy recommendations according to the successful experience and possible problems in the reform of Zutangshan Social Welfare Home.Trough the research,this thesis argues that:first,as to the management system,"one home,two systems" has a "double-layer PPP" structure.The first layer indicates the private-run of public facilities,a strong formal public-private partnership,in which the public sector and the private sector completely are cooperation partners;the second layer indicates the business cooperation,a weak informal public-private partnership,in which the cooperation between the public sector and the private sector is the primary relationship and competition is the secondary;"one home,two systems"mixes the horizontal interaction,vertical interaction and cross interaction between partners in double-layer PPP together,and the public sector is always playing a leading role on the whole.As to the operation mechanism,the public sector is not only the provider,arranger and supervisor of public services,but also the producer of public services.Basing on the rational allocation of project risk,the administrative absorption of the state-run partner unifies the public sector's and the private sector's goals,achieving the organic integration of horizontal democracy mechanism and vertical authority mechanism of PPP,and in the final the public sector and the private sector learn and reference from each other,and make full use of complementary advantages to develop collaboratively,improving together in cooperation and competition.Second,"one home,two systems" can realize the balance between public welfare and commercial benefit,which is in accordance with "good" institutional ethics.Consequently,"one home,two systems" is legitimate."One home,two systems" can achieve win-win results like "1+1>2" on whole operation output,so it is effective.Compared with entire entrusted management,entire tenancy,system transformation and other reform paths,"one home,two systems" has outstanding advantages.Third,at the theoretical level,"one home,two systems" will break the dichotomization about cooperation partners in the traditional PPP theory,extend the application links of PPP from service arrangement to service production,and create a new pattern in which public sectors and private sectors both compete and cooperate with each other;at the practical level,"one home,two systems can ensure the function of public old-age care institutions,and highlights the leading role of government in institution-based care services."One home,two systems" can help to get rid of the double-track system of old-age care institutions,and enhance the overall quality and efficiency of institution-based care services."One home,two systems" is a necessary stage and transitional form in the public old-age care institutions reform process,which should be taken as the optimal path of China's reform of public old-age care institutions under present situations.It is necessary to promote "one home,two systems" vigorously.Thus,this thesis puts forward the following suggestions:firstly,create a macro environment in order to promote "one home,two systems",change the traditional application mode of PPP,and strengthen the cultivation and support for private-run institutions.Secondly,standardize the micro operation in the process of promoting"one home,two systems".In the stage of establishing partnership,fulfill Value For Money appraisal for "one home,two systems",control the entry threshold of private-run institutions strictly,standardize the implementation process of "one home,two systems",and ensure a proper contract flexibility.In the stage of operating partnership,strengthen the construction of reliable relationships between partners in"one home,two systems",consolidate the spirit of contract in public sectors,establish credit system for private-run institutions,and set up corruption prevention mechanism.