The Historical Transformation Of China's Internet Supervision System And Its Adjustment Logic

Compared with the traditional media,the Internet has anonymity,convenience and interactivity and other characteristics.Therefore,the media object of Internet regulation is peculiar.The Internet supervision system is the support system Which the China's state power intervenes and infiltrates the new social space of the Internet.The Internet supervision system is the sum of the system of the regulatory institution,the subordinate relationship,the division of responsibilities and the rules of action in the process of the Internet supervision.Therefore,the historical transformation of China's Internet regulatory system and its adjustment logic are worthy of attention.With the help of text analysis,historical comparative analysis and interview,this paper attempts to study the Internet supervision system in China,Which aims to systematically examine the historical transformation of China's Internet regulatory system and its adjustment logic.China's Internet infrastructure construction early supervision system is the result of the continuous improvement of the supervision system of the telecommunications industry.After the reorganization,the traditional telecommunications industry regulators into the Ministry of Information Industry,its main responsibility is to manage the Internet infrastructure.While the Ministry of Public Security and the State Secrecy Bureau are mainly responsible for the protection of computer information network security.With the development of Internet information service industry,Internet media attributes and political attributes gradually increased.The Internet from the subsidiary position of public opinion gradually become the main position of public opinion,the ideological potential of the Internet began to show.The development of Internet sites and the change of information needs of Internet users have led to new management needs."Party management of the media" principle and media information content supervision of the "party and government system" began to gradually transplant to the Internet virtual space and grafting.The Central Propaganda Department,the State News Office,the State Ministry of Culture,the State Press and Publication Administration,the State Administration of Radio,the National Copyright Administration and other departments gradually embedded in the Internet.The traditional media supervision methods have also been transplanted,copied and reformed,forming a new system of Internet supervision,including administrative licensing,territorial management,publicity and guidance,administrative directives,network security review,the main responsibility system and self-examination.The first regulatory system reform led to the interlocking effect of the department,up to 23 regulatory authorities compete for the Internet supervision.The "Kowloon water control" pattern and "fragmented" system of the China Internet supervision gradually formed.In order to coordinate the conflict between different departments,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to set up a national Internet information office for overall management.But the National Internet Information Office is subordinate to the National Press Office,which is not conducive to the functions of the new department functions.In 2014,the CCP and the State Council upgraded the National Internet Information Office from the State Council Directly to the coordinating body of the State Council.The power of the National Internet Information Office has been restructured and strengthened through the merger of similar agencies,the transfer of information content management rights,the transition of CNNIC administrative authority,and the addition of network enforcement rights.The structural reform model within this administrative organization meet the"holistic government" concept.Under the coordination and co-ordination of the Central Network Security and Information Leading Group,a new type of holistic Internet regulatory system was formally formed.Among the new type,the Ministry of Industry,Ministry of Public Security and the National Internet Information Office is the leading sector.The two historical changes in China's Internet regulatory system follow a unique transformation logic.First of all,the inertial behavior of the developing government and the consolidation need of the political legitimacy promote China's Internet construction to form a "development first" dominant strategy.The Ministry of Information Industry has naturally become the leading sector.The "Development first"strategy has promoted the development of Internet information services.However,this strategy ignores the negative externalities of network information.Correcting the negative externalities of Internet information is the basic starting point of the reform of the supervision system of the Internet information service industry.Secondly,with the development of the Internet information service industry,the network information dissemination gradually deconstructs the traditional social order,the Internet illegal information,the harmful information and the network mass event even creates a new risk society.In order to build the network communication order,the state power began to intervene in the Internet,the Internet community maintenance mode is the mapping of the "Chinese" social stability model."Victoria stability" of the Internet regulatory value focus on the public opinion guidance and network security.Finally,given the reality of the development of China's Internet and the role of the Chinese Communist Party in the process of national institutions and government,the China's Internet has finally chosen the government-led regulatory model.The formation of the Internet's overall regulatory system is consistent with the the basic ideas of the China's unique"party and government system" and the party-led system reform,showing a clear political party leading color.The key to the success of China's reform is the choice of a gradual incremental reform path.However,there are two specific changes that the incremental reforms theory needs to consider.In the first case,the incremental reform outside the system reaches the critical point of diminishing marginal efficiency.In the second case,when the "institutional stock" problem accumulates to the outbreak point,the "double track"between the friction and conflict will be highlighted,"institutional stock" will restrict the "outside the system" development.In both cases,the focus of the institutional reform will shift from the incremental reform to the stock reform.However,there is a general lack of incremental transition to stock reform in the academic world.In fact,incremental reform is divided into two stages:incremental and secondary incremental.The core feature of a incremental reform is the "two-track system",while the core feature of the second incremental reform is a two-track merger.China's Internet regulatory system reform is essentially a secondary incremental reform,which is in line with the theoretical model from the incremental reform to the stock reform.The second incremental change of China's Internet supervision system provides a reference and inspiration for coordinating the conflict between incremental and stock,and promoting the incremental reform to the steady transition of stock reform.This reference and inspiration is,by the "stock system" internal adjustment,optimization and restructuring of the relationship between elements,then creating a"incremental" coordinates the friction and conflict between the "institutional increment" and the "institutional stock",which can promote a smooth transition from the incremental reform to the stock reform.