The Research On The Defense-oriented U.S. Arctic Strategy Of The Barack Obama Administration

The research on Obama administration's defense-oriented Arctic strategy is to explore an unusual phenomenon in international political issues.For a long time,the United States,such a global hegemonic country,regarded the Arctic as "the last front" after the cold war,vigorously maintaining the military presence in the region and showing a strong offensive posture.However,since Obama came to power,the strategic focus of the United States on the Arctic suddenly turned to climate change,environment protection and international cooperation,and its strategic capability was also disadvantaged,which was incompatible with the identity of the global hegemony,and not harmonized with the strength of the United States in other regions such as the Asia Pacific region.All above was puzzling.It goes that evaluation of one comes after his leaving office.So it is not out of date to study the defense-oriented Arctic strategy of the United States in the Obama period.On the contrary,it can grasp the essence and characteristics of the Arctic strategy more accurately from the complete ruling section of Obama.By combing a large number of documents,it is found that the research is scarce and too fragmented,so the author hopes to answer as much as possible through the exploration of this article.Why is the United States,such an aggressive global hegemon,pursuing a defense-oriented Arctic strategy in Obama's administration in contrast?Using the defensive realism theory,this paper sets up three analytical variables of power distribution,institutions and domestic pressure,and constructs a basic analysis framework based on defensive realism,trying to analyze the motivation of this problem by means of this tool.Specifically,the Obama administration's defense-oriented Arctic strategy is shaped by three main motivations.First,the current international system structure,also the international system of power distribution,changes,the reality of the American strength decline directly impel the U.S.national strategy to adjust,as the United States national strategic component,the Arctic strategy will naturally change,and tend to shrink.The second one is that the United States is not only able to adjust the strategy with passive reaction when it is subjected to system pressure,but more importantly,the Obama administration has the ability to protect the power and interests with the help of the institutions.When institutions and cooperation can achieve the goal,then there is no need for strongly offensive strategy,so the multilateral institutional framework of the Arctic region is actively used.On the other hand,the autonomy of the institution at the same time reversely constrains the expansion behavior of the U.S.,making it tend to be low-key and pragmatic.The third one is the cognitive preference of American policymakers,including Obama individuals and the decision makers led by him,and the constraints of American domestic interest groups,which also lead to the defense-oriented Arctic strategy.The influence of this Arctic strategy is far-reaching and instructive.On the one hand,for the United States itself,the implementation of such an Arctic strategy is undoubtedly a new approach to the delicate global strategic deployment of the United States,which,in turn,affects the implementation of the global strategy of the United States.As far as Obama's personal achievements are concerned,the efficiency of the defense-oriented Arctic strategy is actually quite rich,to a great extent,affecting the evaluation of Obama in power by the people of the United States,especially the residents of Alaskan,which has a positive impact on consolidating the political heritage.On the other hand,for the security and prosperity of the Arctic region,Obama's Arctic strategy is to a large extent affirmative.It has a long-term impact on reducing the risk of conflict in the Arctic and improving the cooperative governance of the Arctic.At present,China's concern about the Arctic is in a sharp rise,and the Obama administration's defense-oriented Arctic strategy has a considerable reference to China.