The Armed Crisis Of 2012 In Mali:Impact And Reaction

Mali is located in West Africa in the Sahel-Saharan zone.Because of its history and geographical location,Mali has for centuries been a land of encounters on which various ethnic groups,socio-political organizations and religions are living together.From 1960 to now,Mali has experienced several rebellions and periods of instability.But the rebellion of 2012 is the most serious.Some Tuareg supported by terrorist groups launched on January 17,2012,an attack against the garrison of Kidal.This attack was claimed by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad(NMLA).This rebel movement is opposed to the central power of Mali with political claims(the creation of the State of Azawad).Terrorist groups demand the application of Islamic law(sharia)throughout the Sahel.These rebel groups that have different objectives all fight against the Malian army.They have attacked all the institutions of the State often peaceful citizens.This situation has put Mali in both armed and political crisis.The crisis has had serious impacts on the State institutions and social stability of the Republic of Mali.This situation can be explained by the country's governance system since the adoption of democracy in 1991.Many factors justify the crisis,in particular regional and international geopolitical issues,socio-political factors(socio-political diversity management),public resource management of the State(national and local governance)and the bankruptcy of the security system.The Arab Spring of 2011 and the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi have caused the return of Malian Tuareg and ex-combatants to help Malian rebels in their fight to liberate Azawad(The three main northern region of Mali).The analysis of all these different factors makes it possible to understand clearly the foundations of the armed crisis of 2012 and the origin of the terrorist movements in Mali.The effects of the crisis have created a feeling of mistrust and withdrawal of identity among some northern populations.National cohesion has been seriously affected and the lack of confidence in national institutions is a reality.The deterioration of the security situation in Mali required the involvement of the international community such as France,ECOWAS,the African Union and the United Nations.The objective of this intervention is to enable the State of Mali to recover its territorial integrity and put an end to the progress of terrorist groups towards the interior of the country.The international organizations involved in the resolution of the crisis are the African Union and ECOWAS whose operation bears the name of MISMA(International Mission of Support under African leadership)then the United Nations with the mission of peacekeeping(MINUSMA).This mission also protects the civilian population from attacks by armed groups and the establishment of peace.The MUNISMA has faced serious security problems that prevent the conduct of its operation.It is constantly the target of terrorist attacks.The government of Mali and its partners are working for the return of the peace and stability.Civil society ensures the preservation of national cohesion through citizen training and awareness actions.It helps to convey messages of peace and social cohesion.It is also fighting for social justice and the creation of a harmonious living environment.Civil society does indeed keep an influence on the Malian population.Political,institutional and administrative reforms are initiated by the State to respond to the difficulties related to the development of decentralized communities especially in northern Mali.These reforms revolve around strengthening the power of local and regional authorities.The reform is called advanced decentralization or regionalization.It will enable integrated development of local populations.This advanced decentralization is the way for local authorities to take their responsibilities in the management of local affairs by granting them more autonomy of management.The approach of advanced decentralization is seen as a means of bringing stability and economic,social,political and cultural development back to Mali.