Research On Occupational Differentiation Of Settled Herders In The Kazakh Nationality Township Of Qingshui River

After the founding of the People's Republic China,Qingshui River area established the people's commune animal husbandry production team and Nanshan state-owned ranch.The people collaborated to produce each other.After the reform and opening up,the ranch management system reform in 1984 and the disintegration of Nanshan state ranch in 1996,herdsmen gained the right to use livestock and pasture through the government's price,and had an independent way of livelihood management.The party's deliberations on the settlement policy of the herdsmen can be traced back to Premier Zhou Enlai's speech on the national work in the northwest region.By 1996,the animal husbandry work conference was held in the autonomous region to speed up the settlement of the herdsmen,and then to the herdsmen's housing policy in recent years.The policy and practice of the nomadic industry in contemporary China change the livelihood of the herdsmen and appear the occupational differentiation.The nineteen report proposes that the strategy of Rural Revitalization should be implemented and the occupation of herdsmen will be further differentiated.Settled in nomads,the development of the western region and Xinjiang engineering background,the research settled herdsmen adapt,livelihood development way transformation and is very rich.Pastoral area,herder and animal husbandry are the relationship chain.The question studied in this paper is how does the traditional way of livelihood of herdsmen transform after settlement? Specific questions are divided into herdsmen occupational differentiation what is the appeal? What are the characteristics and effects of the professional differentiation of herdsmen? How to ensure the security of livelihood? This research is relatively lacking.In this paper,the author selects the Kazakh nationality township of Qingshui River,as a field investigation point,and uses the questionnaire survey and interview to discuss the above issues.The research of this paper is based on the understanding and reflection of some development policies in the process of "Visit People,Benefit People's Livelihood and Gather Popular Support" in pastoral areas.The paper is composed of six parts.The introduction includes research questions,research reviews and research methods.The first chapter introduces the general situation of field investigation points,including the development policy of pastoral areas,the vicissitudes of herdsmen's livelihood and the development status.The second and third chapters analyze the field investigation of occupational differentiation,including the background,types,characteristics and influences of the occupational differentiation of herdsmen.The fourth chapter analyzes the trend of the further differentiation of herdsmen's occupations,the restrictive factors that influence the further differentiation of herdsmen's occupations,and puts forward the positive development measures.The conclusion focuses on the case significance of livelihood security guarantee,social stratification in pastoral areas and the transformation of ethnic minority livelihood modes after the settlement of herdsmen.Through fieldwork investigation,this paper expounds the changes brought about by the national development policy.The development policy of the state's pastoral areas has accelerated the herdsmen population movement and occupation differentiation,and is conducive to the release of the population dividend in pastoral areas.In the light of the present situation of the development of poor pastoral areas,it is proposed to strengthen the precision of poverty alleviation and to develop the local occupation for the Kazak,which is in line with the current situation of the floating population of the herdsmen.Grasp the key minority and cultivate the three pastoral work teams to provide a way for the safety of the herdsmen's livelihood.At the same time,the herdsmen were not anxious to get rid of nomadic life,and nomadic feelings remained stable for a long time,questioning the herdsmen's "nomadic" livelihood.The multiple livelihoods of the herdsmen express the change in the life concept of the herdsmen,and the change oflivelihood and cultural changes are not only one-to-one correspondence,gradually accepting and adapting to multiculturalism.The pastoral area has formed a social stratification mode dominated by "economic stratification",which also shows structural differences in social stratification.It is advocated to carry out the "Visit People,Benefit People's Livelihood and Gather Popular Support " in Xinjiang,to respect the rights of the herdsmen to develop themselves,to protect the legal rights of the herdsmen in the process of different professions,and to improve the safety and security of the livelihood of the herdsmen.