A Research On Impeachment Of Imperial History In Tang Dynasty From The Perspective Of "Statement Presentation" And "Notification Report"

In the history of the supervisory system in ancient China,the imperial system is a very characteristic part of the supervisory system and bureaucratic system,and it is a mature typical supervisory system.From the imperial system to the Tang Dynasty,it developed to its heyday through the unification of politics and the perfection of laws and decrees.From the imperial historian group and the imperial historian institution,it is enough to highlight the essence of traditional legal culture,but also to peep at its inferiority.To study the impeachment of imperial history in the Tang Dynasty,the system of "statement presentation"and "notification report" is an unavoidable topic."Statement presentation" refers to the imperial history submitting the memorial book to the monarch for examination and approval before impeaching officials.If the monarch approves,the imperial history can play impeachment publicly in the court meeting,otherwise it can not be impeached.During the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang,Secretariat-Chancellery became the center of state power,and obtained the authority of examining and verifying "Statement presentation".The object of"Statement presentation"changed accordingly.Before impeaching officials by imperial history,they had to submit approval to Secretariat-Chancellery first,and obey the instructions of Secretariat-Chancellery."Notification report" refers to the imperial officials who wanted to impeach and the specific circumstances of the official to the imperial doctor and imperial prime minister before impeachment,after their permission to impeach."Statement presentation" and "notification report" did not exist originally,but they appeared one after another in the period of Middle and the Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.The reasons for their institutionalization were complicated and varied,which were closely related to the political changes of the Tang Dynasty.They originated from the Tang Dynasty rulers'reflections on the expansion of the imperial power and the extreme impeachment during the reign of Wu Zetian.They also reflected the struggle between the imperial power and bureaucratic power and the change of the state power center.The evolution process of the program of ""statement presentation"" and "notification report" embodies the tortuosity of the development process,the particularity of the driving force,and the difference between the norm and practice.It was not seen in historical materials until the late Tang Dynasty.The development of the system fully reflects the complexity of the Tang Dynasty imperial history supervision system and even the whole country's political system,reflecting the limitations of the traditional supervision system.A thorough analysis of the institutional changes and historical motives of"statement presentation" and "notification report" is of great significance to a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of imperial impeachment power in Tang Dynasty,the rise and fall of politics in Tang Dynasty and the perfection of contemporary state supervision system.