The Early Attempt Of The Communist Party Of China To Learn And Manage Cities

During the long struggle of leading the revolution,the Communist Party of China has adopted different strategic policies in different periods according to the changes of the situation.From 1921 to 1927,the Communist Party of China mainly propagated Marxist theory in cities and led the workers' movement.During this period,the focus of the CPC's work was on cities.After the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927,the Communist Party of China was unable to compete with the Kuomintang,which had a great disparity between the city and the power.It had to turn its focus of work to the relatively weak rural areas of the enemy and explore a revolutionary road of "encircling the city by the countryside and seizing power by armed forces".This road relies on rural revolutionary base areas,develops revolutionary forces,and regards occupying and managing cities as its ultimate goal.After more than 20 years of struggle and strength accumulation,the PLA turned to strategic counter-offensive in 1947.With the counter-offensive going on,the cities controlled by the Kuomintang kept returning to the hands of the people.As a result,the Chinese Communist Party was faced with the situation of whether the focus of its work was shifted from the countryside to the city,and the management of the city was put on the agenda.On November 12,1947,the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Field Army liberated Shijiazhuang,a large city in North China,which the Communist Party of China was sure to occupy for a long time.The management practice in Shijiazhuang will directly affect the management mode of newly occupied cities,whether the Communist Party of China can gain a firm foothold in cities,and even the urban management policy after the founding of the People's Republic of China.Faced with the new issue of how to manage Shijiazhuang,the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee and the Municipal Government,which have not made adequate organizational and ideological preparations,have achieved a series of changes in the difficult exploration.First,the working environment has changed: the main working environment of the Communist Party of China has changed from rural to urban,from simple to complex.Rural areas are dominated by natural economy and class composition is mainly landlords and peasants.Cities are dominated by industry and commerce.Population composition is morecomplex,including poor people,businessmen,secret agents,foreigners and KMT personnel.Most of the cadres of the Communist Party of China come from the countryside.They are familiar with the social and economic conditions and working methods of the countryside,and are unfamiliar with the politics,economy and culture of the city.Therefore,the policy with good effect in the countryside is not necessarily suitable for the city,and the management of the city should proceed from the reality of the city.Secondly,depending on strength,the Communist Party of China was forced to shift its focus to the countryside after the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had fought each other in 1927.In the process of building rural revolutionary base areas,the cadres of the Communist Party of China mainly come from the countryside and rely mainly on the peasants.The population of Shijiazhuang city is more complex,relying solely on farmers can not establish a stable regime,build a good city,we must unite national industrialists and businessmen,workers and old Kuomintang personnel,in order to manage the city well.Third,the task has changed: in rural areas,the Communist Party of China mainly mobilizes farmers,accumulates strength and builds base areas by abolishing the feudal land system and reducing rent and interest rates.Even if once occupied the city,because of its weak strength,it can only adopt the policy of "handling",that is,to transport important production and living materials from the city to the countryside.When Liu Shaoqi realized that Shijiazhuang would not be seized by the Kuomintang and could be occupied for a long time,the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee and the Municipal Government resolutely abandoned the policy of "handling" and set up the policy of long-term construction.In the process of solving these three problems and completing a series of changes,under the guidance of the long-term construction policy,the Communist Party of China has set up urban management institutions in Shijiazhuang and carried out a series of abundant practices,such as establishing economic order,consolidating the people's regime,managing social public hazards,and restoring urban infrastructure,which has accumulated a lot of urban management experience.In terms of establishing economic order: compared with rural areas,urban industry and commerce are developed,so the management policy of Shijiazhuang Municipal Governmenthas just begun to be vague,and the implementation of the construction policy is not in place.At one time,the phenomenon of destroying industry and Commerce appeared.With the deepening understanding of the central economic policy by the Shijiazhuang Municipal Government,the policy of protecting industry and commerce was finally established.In the aspect of consolidating the people's regime,in the view of Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee,the population composition of Shijiazhuang is complex and there are more Kuomintang personnel.On the contrary,the strength of the Communist Party is weak.Therefore,the registration of KMT personnel and the consolidation of Urban regime have become one of the main tasks of urban managers.In the process of registration,the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee constantly adjusts its policies according to the actual situation,and has a general understanding of the motives and ideological tendencies of KMT personnel.In the management of social hazards: one of the biggest differences between cities and rural areas is that cities must have social management functions.The Communist Party of China,deeply influenced by the simple life in rural areas,can not tolerate the existence of brothels,tobacco and drugs in Shijiazhuang,and must be cleaned up.In the aspect of repairing urban infrastructure,Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee and Municipal Government have carried out hydropower and road projects according to the priorities of municipal construction tasks.The beneficial exploration of Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee and Municipal Government in urban management has provided management experience for newly occupied cities,policy basis for the shift of the focus of the work of the Communist Party of China from rural areas to urban areas,and reference for today's urban management.