The Study Of Permanent Neutral States' Survival Mode

In modern international relations,permanent neutrality as a strategic choice of a nation-state is a special existence.Especially for small states with strategic or geographic significance,they rely on certain normative procedures to become a permanent neutralized state in the legal sense and then enter the review of historical practice.Its intention is to exclude itself from possible military conflicts and other forms of power politics through a neutral strategy.The ultimate goal is to obtain sovereign independence and territorial integrity.Based on this fundamental survival goal,why do some states have achieved independence and survival,while others have failed?Even some neutral states have achieved greater success in addition to security,while others are unknown.Why is there such a difference?This paper hopes to answer this question as much as possible.Under the premise of not overthrowing the tragic tone of the survival of small states,it explores the survival state of the permanent neutral state in the security dilemma and its survival logic.Therefore the paper first defines neutrality and explains "what is neutrality" through the analysis of the connotation and extension of neutrality and the related operational procedures and legal norms.Then it discusses the security dilemma of the neutral country and the strategic choice in its permanent neutrality,revealing the reasons for "why neutrality exists" in anarchy,which is the premise of this paper.If the existence of the neutral state is neither a natural state nor a security dilemma,why should we talk about survival?Then explore the survival model of a neutral country,that is the question of"how to survival".From the perspective of adaptation theory,the survival of a neutral state is essentially an adaptation to the external environment,subject to the constraints of itself and the external environment,and the two present a two-way process of the mutual structure.That is,the structure of "small state-great power" shapes a neutral survival mode;The logic of the existence of a neutral state to reduce its "stress sensitivity" and increase the external "influence capability" to achieve a "minimum-maximize" balance;In this process,national policymakers play a central role,which controls the whole process of political balance and plays three roles of decision-maker,designer and debugger.meanwhile,neutral states are also facing the contradiction between goals and limits,and they can only do their best.Ultimately,the survival of neutral states will show three types of survival modes:balance,unbalance(acquiescence)and irrelevant(quiescence);Finally,in order to verify the above conclusions,This paper chooses cases from Austria and Laos to demonstrate the two survival modes of balance and unbalance.