A Study On The Disadvantages Of The Wula System In The Kang Dao Section In The Period Of The Republic Of China

The Tibetan word “Wula ” comes from Mongolian and Turkic,meaning that the people undertake free labor to the rulers.The Wula system,which originated in the Yuan Dynasty,was established to provide service and supply for post stations,mainly including services such as riding pack cattle and horses,housing firewood and grass,cooking with fire,feeding horses with water,and so on.It was the only way to maintain military transportation in Xikang before New China.Since 1911(Xuantong three years)Zhao Erfeng set up the Wulatai station in the area of Quan Kang,the Wula section of Kangding Road Fu section was established as the busiest and longest Wula segment in Xikang transportation.There were 7 stations between Kangding Road,from Kangding North to Daofu need at least 7 days,from Daofu back to Kangding also needs to take 7-8 days.It took Kangdao people 20 days or so to take turns.The foot price was very low,and the expenditure and income were not equal.Two counties Kang and Dao were the busiest two counties of Wula corvees in Xikang.The study of the Wula system in Kangdao can see the whole through a small part,and the disaster brought by the Wula system to the people of Xikang.Zhao Erfeng reformed the Wula system and formed the Wula charter,regulating Xizang Tibetans,in addition to paying taxes on the country's fields and livestock,should provide local governments with a paid Wula margin,but in a low price.However,those people who supported the Wula did not abide the regulations.They handled the Wula without thinking of the plight of the people,but bribed the Wula to buy,avoid or flee,temples,Han settlers do not bear Wula and so on,which lead to Wula maladies.The successive rulers of Xikang intended to reform the Wula system,formed kinds of "Wula system" and related instructions,but most of them were barely useful.A small part of the implementation,although achieved some results in the short term,but quickly destroyed.The Wula system has the double malpractices of innate deficiency and post-natal squeezing,which has brought heavy burden to the people of Xikang,resulting in people's lack of time to manage land and sidelines,and even bankruptcy and flight,which has seriously hindered the development and progress of Xikang's economy,then lead to social security instability.This article will analyze the reasons why it is difficult to eliminate the disadvantages of Wula in the period of the Republic of China: first of all,the terrain of Kang District is rugged and precipitous,economic backwardness,financial constraints,great cultural differences between Han and Tibet,and frequent fighting,are all the reasons that counted to Xikang's inability to invest in road construction at that time.They had to resort to Wula,the original means of transportation;Secondly,the unreasonable design of Xikang Wula system,the corruption of personnel in Xikang area,the lack of government order and so on,lead to the long-standing disadvantages of Xikang Wula system which is difficult to eliminate.