Study On The Unemployment Relief Work In Beijing (1949-1955)

Before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China,the unemployment situation in Beijing was very serious due to special background of the times,realistic factors,policy reasons,and many other factors such as the rainy season flooding cellar in Jingxi mining area.This not only hindered the development of Beijing's economy,but also increased the factors of social instability.Therefore,the Beijing municipal government has responded positively to the national call to carry out related work.The Municipal Labor Bureau,the Municipal Unemployment Workers Relief Committee and the Municipal Labour and Employment Commission were the main institutions leading the unemployment relief work in Beijing.The establishment of organizational institutions,the registration of unemployed persons and the collection of unemployment relief funds were the preparatory measures for unemployment relief work,which set the organizational foundation and economic foundation for the concrete development of the work.Food-for-work,retraining,self-rescue and labor transfer were the main relief measures.Before the promulgation of the "Labor and employment" policy,food-for-work was the government's main measure of relief.In the early work,some unemployed people and grassroots cadres had misconceptions about the relief of workers,and even the problems of site cadres,which affected the implementation effect of relief work.After the adoption of the introduction of rules and regulations,site clean-up,strengthen publicity,the promotion of effective management methods and other measures,the work of relief was gradually on track.The rehabilitation training was the main relief means of the government after the promulgation of the"Labor and employment"policy.With the implementation of the "Wufan" movement as the line,the early retraining work was mainly the political training courses and the later were teachers,culture,technical training and so on.There were also training courses for blind artists and unemployed managers.Due to lack of work experience,the early teacher and political training effect was not very ideal and the people have produced dissatisfaction.In the later period,with the maturing of government work,this situation has improved and some achievements have been made.Self-rescue and labor transfer exist mainly as auxiliary measures in the unemployment relief work in Beijing.Until June 1955,the end of unemployment relief in Beijing,the relief work has achieved great results:a large number of unemployed people gradually achieved employment.labor literacy and political literacy improved.The implementation and practice of national policies were promoted.The public's recognition of the nascent regime has also been enhanced.This sense of identity was mainly reflected in the popular discourse of gratitude speech,the public's active support for government-related policies and popular assistance to other members of society.The government's extensive publicity and education,the effective resolution of specific problems,and efforts to improve the effectiveness of relief work were the main reasons for this sense of identity.In general,the better the effectiveness of government relief,the higher the sense of identity.From this point of view,the unemployment relief work in Beijing is not only a process to solve the livelihood and employment problems of the vast number of unemployed people at the beginning of the founding of the nation,but also a process in which the new government constantly exports its ideology to the ordinary people and gradually obtains universal identity.