On Philosophical Basics Of Martha C.Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach

In the history of political philosophy,the enduring issue of justice has always affected the minds of scholars in this field.Utilitarianism and the justice approach of contract theory prevailing in the contemporary west seem to construct a completely,equal and free environment,including all people in the justice system.But in fact,these liberal methods of justice do not benefit everyone,and the theory of justice is basically a form of justice.Thus,Martha Nussbaum,a famous contemporary American philosopher,turned her eyes to "capability",expecting to construct a theory of social justice that enables every citizen to live a dignified and meaningful life with the minimum meaning.Capabilities Approach regards everyone as a goal and focuses on what everyone can do and become.The justice method of this capability is a kind of method that really takes care of the essential justice of everyone,which makes up for the deficiency of the contemporary liberalism justice theory and provides a beneficial thought for the development of the modern justice theory.Therefore,in recent years,the attention and research on Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach has been flourishing.However,most of the current research is still on the interpretation,review and practical application of the theory of Capabilities Approach.It is a kind of substantial justice that we have not thoroughly studied the reason and Capabilities Approach and we have not systematically and comprehensively sorted out and analyzed the philosophical basis behind the Capabilities Approach,especially the Aristotelian logic as the internal support.In this context,it is necessary to make a comprehensive and systematic analysis and discussion of the theoretical basis of the Aristotelianism tradition behind the Capabilities Approach.Therefore,this paper is mainly divided into four levels,five parts to discuss.In the introduction of the first part,the origin,overall structure and specific ideasof the article are sorted out,and the academic career and basic thoughts of Nussbaum are briefly described,from which the development process of the Capabilities Approach is induced.In the second part,the Capabilities Approach in the Neo-Aristotelianism tradition is briefly summarized.On the basis of exploring the Aristotelianism background of the Capabilities Approach,the most superficial political category and content are explained and analyzed.In the third part,connecting with the previous chapter,the author analyzes the Aristotelian ethical implications in the political category of the Capabilities Approach.In the fourth part,starting from the ethical goal of pursuing a good life contained in the Capabilities Approach,the theory of human nature and the deeper metaphysical foundation behind it are explored.In the fifth part,we mainly evaluate and reflect on the Capabilities Approach as a whole,especially from the standpoint of Marxism,we can not only see the fit between the Capabilities Approach and Marxism,but also objectively criticize the inherent theoretical defects of the Capabilities Approach with historical materialism.That is,from the perspective of Aristotelianism,this paper analyzes the theoretical construction of the Capabilities Approach from the four dimensions of political philosophy,ethics,theory of human nature and metaphysics.This paper tries to make a holistic and hierarchical systematic study to show the close connection between the Capabilities Approach and Aristotelianism tradition.In a word,the systematic analysis of the Aristotelianism philosophical basis of Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach can not only promote the modern transformation of Aristotelianism tradition,but also enhance the theoretical thickness of Capabilities Approach and help its application in practice.In addition,in the internal analysis of the paradigm of Capabilities Approach,we can see its correspondence with the early Marxism in the western humanism tradition.This has broadened the research horizon and supplemented the theoretical resources for the heated discussion on Marxist ethics and justice in the contemporary western Marxist academia,especially in the UK and the US.However,we still need to see that Nussbaum’s theory is still within the scope of liberalism,and the Capabilities Approach itself has inevitable limitations.We should stand on the standpoint of historical materialism and view it correctly from the critical perspective.