China's Participation In Arctic Governance Research

In recent years,due to the accelerated global warming,the Arctic region by virtue of abundant energy resources,excellent channel conditions caused global concern,and the Arctic warming caused by a series of environmental problems have affected all countries in the world,The Arctic governance is imminent.At this time,the Arctic countries on the one hand to introduce policies to limit the participation of extraterritorial countries in Arctic governance,on the other hand,constantly compete for various resources in the Arctic region,conflicts occur frequently.In the complex international environment of the Arctic region,the Chinese government issued a white paper on China's Arctic Policy in 2018,the first programmatic document to clearly state China's Arctic position and its Arctic policy.It can guide our relevant departments and institutions in the Arctic activities,participate in Arctic governance,and work with the international community to maintain and promote peace,stability and sustainable development in the Arctic.There are three methods of demarcating the Arctic,and China prefers the Arctic Council Working Group's "Arctic Detection and Assessment Plan" to the criteria for dividing the Arctic Circle,which is bordered by the Arctic Circle and is within 66 degrees latitude.This classification is more conducive to the definition of China's "Arctic stakeholders".As the value of the Arctic becomes more and more recognized in the international community,the Arctic dispute becomes more and more obvious.The current hot issues in the Arctic can be divided into two categories,one is related to national sovereignty and other political areas of "high political" issues,the other is related to the economy,the environment and other areas of human survival and development of "low politics" issues,China's focus in Arctic governance.China has always advocated win-win cooperation in the Arctic issue,hoping to expand the demilitarized zone in the Arctic and eliminate the possibility of military conflict among world powers over the Arctic dispute.China's participation in Arctic governance is of great significance.In terms of necessity,the Arctic climate system affects China's climate change,affects the drought and flood frost in important economic areas,and Arctic warming will endanger China's environmental security and bring unpredictable risks to China's economic,agricultural and people's survival and development.In terms of overseas interests,the world's energy demand has expanded,the value of Arctic resources has been further enhanced,and the excellent arctic shipping conditions have shown great economic value,and China's participation in Arctic governance can enhance the country's influence in Arctic affairs,thus safeguarding the country's legitimate Arctic interests.China's participation in Arctic governance is mainly based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,the Svalbard Convention and other international conventions,which also reflects the legitimacy and obligation of China's participation in Arctic governance.China began scientific expeditions to the Arctic in the 1990 s,and although the research started late,after more than a decade of efforts,it has made great progress in the fields of scientific exploration and environmental governance,and joined the Arctic Council in 2013 and has established active diplomatic relations with countries both inside and outside the Arctic.China's participation in Arctic governance also faces many difficulties.The first is the political constraints of geographical location,because China is geographically away from the Arctic,eight countries adjacent to the Arctic have been in control of the Arctic governance,including China and other extraterritorial countries are subject to many restrictions;Then there is the lagging Arctic governance mechanism to limit China and other extraterritorial countries to go deep into the Arctic governance.Take the Arctic Council as an example,the decentralization and fragmentation of its governance mechanism will cause serious restrictions on China's participation in governance,and finally,the lack of domestic scientific research capacity and lack of talent,China's scientific research level compared with many developed countries still have a large gap,professional Arctic talent reserves are relatively scarce,the relevant think tanks are still in preparation,which to some extent also restrict China's Arctic governance.In response to the above-mentioned problems,China should take the following measures to further participate in Arctic governance: first,to build the "Silk Road on Ice",establish friendly and cooperative relations with Arctic countries,and jointly explore the many possibilities of Arctic governance on the basis of connectivity and common altogether;To promote the reform of governance mechanisms in such fields as resource protection and waterway development,and finally,to continuously improve scientific research capabilities,train professional Arctic talents,and vigorously cultivate relevant domestic think tanks to provide a source of power for China's Arctic cause.