Marx's Thought Of "Re-establish Individual Property " And Its Contemporary Debate

"Re-establish Individual Property" is a scientific assumption about the form of future social ownership proposed by Marx on the basis of a profound criticism of private property.Marx made a classic exposition of this idea in the first volume of "On Capital".Before the reform and opening up,the theoretical community had a relatively consistent understanding of "Re-establish Individual Property" based on the relevant interpretation of Engels in "Anti-Durin Theory",that is,the reconstruction of "Individual Property" refers to individual property of consumer data.After the reform and opening up,due to different opinions on the direction of reform,academia has developed a different understanding of Marx's "Re-establish Individual Property",which involves controversy on the object,nature and form of "Re-establish Individual Property".Although the academic circles have achieved fruitful research results on Marx's Thought of "Re-establish Individual Property" for many years,understanding of this theory is still based on benevolence and wisdom.This article is not limited to studying Individual Property on Marx's theory of "Re-establish Individual Property" itself.Through the analysis of the academic debate on Marx's "Re-establish Individual Property",the author find that,to a large extent,the understanding of Marx's "Re-establish Individual Property" as "single individual" or "united individual" will cause different understanding of the object and nature of "Re-establish Individual Property".Since "Individual Property" is a form of ownership in the future society born out of capitalist society,it is necessary to combine Marx's theory of property,ideas about the relationship between individuals and society,future social theory andthe research on the contemporary debate about the idea of "Re-establish Individual Property" to grasp the precise connotation of this theory.In the primitive society,public ownership of means of production was practised.With the continuous development of productive forces,the original public ownership gradually disintegrated,and the emergence of private ownership became inevitable.The slave society was the first social form based on private ownership.In slave society,the slave owner not only owned all the property,but also owned the slave person.Ownership in feudal society was a decentralized private ownership based on individual labor.In feudal society ownership,the landlord relied on the ownership of the land to cruelly exploit the peasants by occupying land rent.In capitalist society,the objective conditions of labor and laborers are separated,capitalists possess the means of production while workers have nothing but their own labor force,and the workers can only sell labor force as commodities to capitalists.The subject of labor and the objective conditions of labor will be unified once again in the future society.In communist society,the united workers will share the means of production and the society will distribute the production factors and products directly.However,no matter what social form is,there are objective facts that the means of living belong to the individual,otherwise the individual cannot survive.In Marx's opinion,people should be understood from the perspective of "real people".A "real person" is a person engaged in material production activities.He is both an active bearer of material production and at the same time restricted by material production conditions."Real people" will inevitably form certain social relationships in the process of production practice.People are people in society and society is a society composed of people.People form the society,while society also affects people.The relationship between the individual and society hasgone through a process of development and evolution.In the "human dependence" stage,the relationship between the individual and society was narrow and poor.In the "independence stage of human beings based on the dependence of things",the relationship between people is expressed as the relationship between things and things.In this materialized social relationship,the development of individuals and the development of society are in a state of opposition.In the union of free people,the opposition between the individual and the society will disappear —individuals will become individuals with free personalities,united individuals,and social individuals without class differences.Private ownership will be eliminated and public ownership of the means of production will be implemented in the communist society,that is,the joint laborers will share the means of production of the whole society.Commodities and currencies will no longer exist in the future society.Everyone's labor will directly become part of the total social labor from the beginning,and the production factors and products will be distributed by the society directly.In the "first stage of communist society",due to the limitation of the level of productivity,the distribution of consumption materials can only be implemented according to the principle of equal labor exchange system.In the "advanced stage of communist society",due to the highly developed productivity at this time,the on-demand distribution system that can meet all reasonable needs of the members of the society will be implemented in the distribution of consumer goods.On the question of whether the object of "Individual Property" is the means of production or the means of consumption,it is inseparable from the clarification of Engels' s interpretation of "Individual Property" in "Anti-Durin Theory".The author thinks that whether Engels' explanation is right or wrong needs to be judged based on two different levels.Engelstalked about "Individual Property" from every individual,so what he said "Individual Property" actually meant "personal property".In the future society,living materials will exist as personal property,so from this point to understand,Engels' s explanation is correct.However,Marx's "Re-establish Individual Property" is focused on "united individuals".In communist society,only the means of production can be shared by the joint workers.Therefore,from the viewpoints of "Re-establish Individual Property",Engels' s interpretation about individual property of consumer data is wrong.The scholars who hold the theory of consumer data ignore the difference between these two types of "Individual Property" and take Engels' s interpretation as the authoritative interpretation of Marx's idea of "Re-establish Individual Property",thus producing misunderstanding of the object of "Individual Property".The "negative negation" mentioned by Marx is the dialectical negation of ownership of means of production.Individual property of consumption materials exists regardless of the social form,so it cannot be reconstructed.Ownership of means of production is a decisive factor in the production relationship.The distribution of consumption materials is only the result of the distribution of production conditions,so there is no need to emphasize it in the sense of "re-establish".With regard to the form of realization of "Individual Property",since the joint-stock company is still just abandonment within the scope of the capitalist mode of production,and in the future communist society,there will be no commodities,money,capital,etc,so there will be no joint-stock company.Joint-stock companies are simply not the best form of "Individual Property".When Marx clearly stated that this negation is not to rebuild private ownership,some scholars still distorted Marx's "Individual Property" as "private property for everyone",which is actually under the banner of Marx's "Re-establish Individual Property" to deny publicownership and to promote the practice of privatization.Therefore,studying Marx's "Re-establish Individual Property" theory not only helps us to accurately grasp the true meaning of this idea,but also has important significance for China to adhere to the correct direction of ownership reform.