The Republic Of Property

According to the judgment of some contemporary radical left-wing scholars,"government based on private property rights" has become the basic principle on which modern nations operate,and its beginning is positioned in the bourgeois revolution in Western history.It should be pointed out that fiscal governance has not been regarded as an unbreakable truth in modern bourgeois countries after the bourgeois revolution,but historical performance is a specific principle in the development of governance principles.Research on governance and its development.In Leviathan and Behemoth,Hobbes started from the two fields of political system and religion,respectively,and revealed two inducements of the British bourgeois revolution.One is the intensification of contradictions between the tendency of democracy in the British Parliament and the traditional monarchy and monarchy.The second is the denial and resistance of the Scottish people to the kingship based on their beliefs.By reflecting on the above,Hobbs clearly realized that the essence of the contradiction in the British bourgeois revolution lies in the incompatibility between the private sphere and the national public sphere.Therefore,Hobbs used the name "Leviathan",and Based on the principle of contract theory,a system design was made to resolve this contradiction.In Leviathan,through the transfer of rights by individuals in the natural state,sovereigns can be created that can represent the power of all people.Sovereign people,as the personified representatives of all people's rights,have the political power to rule their subjects,but this political power is essentially established to protect individual rights from being infringed.There is consistency between them.Although Hobbes' s contract theory is liberal,its sovereigns have not completely shaken off the influence of authoritarian monarchs in the traditional European sense,and monarchy still exists as an internal principle of Leviathan.This not only eliminates the dichotomy between the public and private spheres in modern countries,but transforms the contradiction between public and private into "the difference between inside and outside" in religious beliefs,therebynegating the validity of Leviathan's design.According to Michel Foucault's research on liberalism,a new governance technology has gradually emerged in the contradiction between the private and public spheres that can suppress the excessive governance of sovereign states.This new governance technology stems from a series of reasonable norms in the field of governance that individuals have constantly established in market behavior.It not only points to the general maintenance of personal property,but also becomes a principle that the state must follow to shape its rationality.Here,governance based on private property rights was born in the form of the principles of the rule of law in modern countries,and modern capitalist countries can be called republics of fiscal governance.But as a solution to the dichotomy in the public and private spheres,fiscal governance,while suppressing over-governance,has also enabled capital to gain supremacy over sovereigns in Leviathan.This is in line with Marx's reason for criticizing the capitalist mode of production.On the one hand,the capitalist mode of production has caused huge inequalities in the capitalist society;As an eternal pursuit of the end of history,the republic of property has become a "new Leviathan"."New Leviathan" governance technology is comprehensive,it does not take human liberation as its real purpose,but by internalizing the logic of capital into the rational logic that human existence should have,and then realize the human life Thorough rule in all areas.At the same time,New Leviathan also includes the promotion and satisfaction of personal worldly happiness.Therefore,through the reciprocal contrast of domination and happiness,the Republic of Property has realized the comprehensive construction of the legitimacy of its governance and made itself a new Leviathan that abandoned the old Leviathan.