A Study On The Basic Unit In The Competitive Process Of 2016 Olympics Champions Of Table Tennis In Men's And Women's Singles

Taking Ma Long and Ding Ning,the champions of table tennis in men's and women's singles at the 2016 Rio Olympics,as subjects,the thesis applies methods of literature,recording,statistics and contrastive analysis to study their competitive processes at the Rio Olympics,analyze features of competitive tactics of current elite table tennis players,and grasp winning rules of present table tennis and its future development trends,thus providing scientific quantitative references for high-level training of table tennis in the future.The following conclusions are drawn:1.The most distinctive characteristic of the distribution of the multi-racket structure in Ma Long's basic unit process is 4-racket structure.Scoring and losing mainly appeared in the following six tactical stages: service reception,attack and defense after service,attack and defense after service reception,beginning stage of sustained rally,middle stage of sustained rally,and ending stage of sustained rally.Skills of first four strikes in service process and skills of first three strikes in service reception process compose the main body of skill application in basic units of Ma Long's competitive process.The most frequently used service skill is forehand backspin,followed by topspin drive,dropping shot,defense,counter-drive,quick bringing,long push,twisiting,lobbing,shaking cast,pick-hitting,chopping.The vertical space position is featured by a highest striking average at close court,then over the court,followed by middle court,and backcourt the lowest.The horizontal space position is characterized by a higher striking probability at the right side than at the left,a higher probability of striking at the left than at the middle,and a higher probability of forehand striking at the middle than backhand striking.The features of striking space position are forehand striking is higher than backhand striking,backhand striking is higher than striking sideways,and striking sideways is higher than backhand striking sideways.By comparing his first match and last match,it is found that with the increase of match level,Ma Long's application of attacking tactics and skills decreased,but application of defensing skills increased.Besides,Ma received the highest score during attack and defense after service reception of the first four strikes in the first knockout round,while in the final round the highestscores appeared during sustained rally.2.Three-racket structure is the sharpest feature of multi-racket structure distribution in basic units of Ding Ning's competitive process.Scoring and losing mainly took place in the following six tactical stages: service reception,attack and defense after service,attack and defense after service reception,beginning stage of sustained rally,middle stage of sustained rally,and ending stage of sustained rally.Skills of first four strikes in service process and skills of first three strikes in service reception process compose the main body of skill application basic units of Ding Ning's competitive process.The most frequently used service skill is forehand backspin.Frequencies of skill application are ordered as follows: topspin drive,long push,defense,quick bringing,pick-hitting,counter-drive,dropping shot,shaking cast,twisiting and lobbing.The vertical space position is featured by a highest batting average at close court,then over the court,followed by middle court,and back courts the lowest.The horizontal space position is characterized by a higher striking probability at the left side than at the right,a higher probability of striking at the right than at the middle,and a higher probability of forehand striking at the middle than backhand striking.The features of striking space position are forehand striking is higher than backhand striking,backhand striking is higher than sideway striking,and sideway striking is higher than backhand striking sideways.After a comparison between matches with loop shots and matches with chop,it is found that when Ding Ning was competing against loop shots players,attack and defense after service was the fiercest stage during which she scored highest.When she fought against chop players,the highest score was gained during sustained rally where the fiercest confrontation took place.In addition,Ding can use more skills and score forms when competing against loop shots players than when competing against chop shots players.