Study On The Characteristics And Intervention Of Working Memory In Children With Intellectual Disability

In recent years,China's special education has been unprecedentedly developed.Special children have the following seven categories:visual impairment,hearing impairment,mental retardation,speech disorder,physical disorder,mental disorder and multiple obstacles.With the gradual decline of children with visual impairment and hearing impairment in medical advancement,mental disorders,mental disorders and other children are increasing.In recent years,psychological studies on mentally disabled children have emerged at home and abroad,and cognition is one of the most important aspects.Working memory plays an important role in cognitive psychology.Therefore,research on working memory of mentally handicapped children will undoubtedly deepen people's understanding of the cognitive characteristics of mentally handicapped children.Working memory is the core of the information processing system.It can not only save information temporarily,but also integrate the temporarily stored information with the existing knowledge structure,thereby facilitating the understanding and application of new knowledge.At present,there is a lack of research on working memory of children with intellectual disabilities in China.This study is an experimental study of working memory in mentally handicapped children based on the theoretical model of classic Baddeley working memory.The classic Baddeley working memory model was proposed by Baddeley et al.in 1974.They divide the working memory into three parts:the central executive system,the visual-spatial canvas,and the speech loop.This study mainly investigated the temporal and spatial articulation and speech loop in the working memory of mentally handicapped children and conducted intervention training to improve the working memory of children with intellectual disabilities.The entire study included three experiments:the study of the characteristics of speech and working memory in children with intellectual disabilities,the study of the characteristics of visual working memory in children with intellectual disabilities,and the case-study research of working memory in children with intellectual disabilities.In Experiment 1,a mixed design of 2(subject type)× 2(material type)was used.The type of the test was the intergroup factor and was divided into two levels of mentally handicapped children and ordinary children.The material type was within the group and divided into groups.Numbers and Pinyin are two levels.Experiment 1 included two tasks:a number breadth task and a pinyin breadth task.The purpose is to investigate whether there are defects in the speech loops in the working memory of children with intellectual disabilities.In experiment two,a mixed design of 2(subject type)× 2(material type)was adopted.The type of the test was the intergroup factor and was divided into two levels of mentally handicapped children and ordinary children;the material type was within group factors and divided into two groups:Two levels of simple Corsi modules and complex Corsi modules.Experiment 2 includes two tasks:a simple Corsi module task and a complex Corsi module task.The purpose is to investigate whether there is a defect in the visual-spatial canvas in the working memory of mentally handicapped children.In Experiment 3,the digital breadth task and the Corsi module task were used to train a child with mild mental retardation in verbal working memory and visual working memory.The purpose is to explore whether the ability to improve working memory of children with intellectual disabilities can be improved through intervention training.After research,it has been found that there are significant differences between speech work memory ability and visual working memory ability of children with.intellectual disabilities compared with ordinary children,that is,the work memory ability of mentally handicapped children is indeed defective.However,intervention training through working memory can improve the ability of working memory of mentally handicapped children to a certain degree.