Study On Optimization Of Emergency Service Facilities Layout Based On Population Distribution

In recent years,with the development of the city and the frequent occurrence of various emergencies,the demand for emergency services in the city has been increasing.In order to reduce the loss of life and property caused by the accident disaster,the government has attached great importance to the construction of emergency service facilities.In this paper,the issues of emergency resource allocation,spatial planning and layout of emergency service facilities,methods and models of emergency facility allocation and influence of population factors on the layout of emergency service facilities are sorted out through literature review.The paper analyzes the population distribution in Changning District of Shanghai from the aspects of population size,population growth rate,population density and evenness of people distribution,and analyzes the population distribution in Changning District of Shanghai from the perspective of accessibility and spatial distribution reachability and focus on the degree of dispersion evaluation.The paper evaluates the distribution of population and the coordination of emergency shelter by using three indicators of per-capita reach of emergency shelter area,population allocation gap and service population ratio.It can be obtained that the population distribution in Changning District of Shanghai is relatively concentrated,the accessibility of emergency shelters is weak,the layout is not balanced and the coordination between population distribution and emergency shelter is poor.In view of the unreasonable layout of emergency shelters in Changning District of Shanghai Municipality,this paper analyzes the layout principles of emergency shelters,constructs the layout optimization model of emergency shelters,determines the multi-objective functions and constraints.The optimal layout scheme is obtained by using the simulated annealing algorithm to optimize the spatial layout of the emergency evacuation site.Patch proximity index(PPI),patch cohesion index(PCI)and aggregation index(AI)were used to analyze the rationality of spatial layout and the coordination of emergency evacuation sites and population distribution.The layout of the optimized evacuation site is greatly improved in terms of continuity,aggregation and the coordination of emergency evacuation sites and population distribution.Compared with the initial scheme in terms of configuration cost,population satisfaction and service distance,space layout is more reasonable.This paper studies the scientific and rationality of the layout of emergency service facilities,and perfectsthe layout theory of emergency service facilities,which has great theoretical and practical significance.It also provides the government and relevant urban planning workers for emergency service facilities configuration and location optimization to provide decision-making and basis.