Research On Home Visitation Program Of Preschool Children In America And Its Inspiration

The home visitation program is one of the service in the United States’ high-quality early childhood intervention system and has been consistently certified by international developed countries as one of the most effective service strategies for assisting disadvantaged children and their families.This study first reviewed the development history of international preschool children’s home visitation in order to provide inspiration and reference for China’s home visitation program to improve family education of disadvantaged preschool children in China.Second,this study uses the literature method and case study method to research and analyze the specific content,implementation methods and empirical research results of the three high-quality home visitation program in the United States.They are "Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngest(HIPPY)","Parents as Teachers(PAT)" and "Nurse Family Partnership(NFP)".Third,this study conducted in-depth interviews with parents of preschool children in poor conditions to understand their real needs for home visitation,with a view to providing targeted recommendations on the standards and quality of our country’s home visitations.Studies have shown that the HIPPY USA is a two-year family education improvement program designed to provide free intervention services for early development for children and their parents with low family education and low income.The PAT is designed to provide parents with the most comprehensive information on children’s development from the early stages of their mother’s pregnancy until the child reaches the age of 5.So as to improve their parents’ parenting behavior and help parents prepare for schooling for children.The NFP focuses on low-income groups.From the beginning of the pregnancy of the novice mother to the second birthday of the child,the professional nurses provide regular individual home visitation service.It aims to promote the healthy growth of children by improving the living conditions of disadvantaged children,mothers and their families.Based on the study of home visitation program in the United States,the author conducted in-depth interviews with parents of disadvantaged children and analyzed the core dilemmas of family education: lack of professional parenting knowledge,backward education concepts,and lack of time to participate in children’s learning activities because of the busy work.Secondly,this study analyzed the shortcomings of the implementation status and research of home visitations in China: the lack of guarantees for national policies and funding,the extremely low coverage of home visitation in our country,the lack of strict review of project implementation effects,and the lack of follow-up study.Finally,the study proposes the following recommendations: First,our government needs to increase support for home visitation and build a comprehensive supervision service system.Second,it is necessary to establish a team of professional home visitation program and strengthen the construction of them.Third,base on the empirical studies provide support for the continuous improvement of preschool children’s home visitation program to meet the diverse needs of parents.Forth,pay attention to family center and build home community linkage system.