The Effect Of Tai Chi Quan On Implicit Learning In Elderly

Despite the wealth of evidence that physical activity promotes both cognitive and memory,there are still many open questions.For example,although studies of physical activity have included a variety of cognitive tasks measuring explicit cognitive functions(i.e.,those that are goal-directed and subsequently verbalizable),few have included tasks assessing implicit functions(i.e.,those that occur without awareness or intent and are not subsequently verbalizable).And studies have shown that Tai Chi as a form of exercise that requires memory and cognitive flexibility can improve explicit cognitive function.The primary goal of the present study was to examine whether Tai Chi improve implicit learning,through two aspects: horizontal(Tai Chi exercise for more than five years)and vertical(8 weeks Tai Chi intervention).This study recruited participants over the age of 60,using the Triplet-Learning Task(TLT)task to collect data of implicit learning,and the Omega Wave system to collect the basic physical fitness data as experimental reference.The cross-sectional test was participants who had been practicing Tai Chi for more than 5 years and the other elderly who had not practiced Tai Chi.The intervention group was given an intervention for 8 weeks,3 times a week,45 minutes of Tai Chi,and the other group,only had pre-test and post-test.The results of the study are as follows:In experiment 1,the reaction time and the accuracy rate are dependent variables,and repeated measures ANOVAs that 2(group: Tai Chi group;non-Tai Chi group)× 2(TLT frequency: high frequency,low frequency)× 3(task number: number of experiments 1,number of experiments 2,number of experiments 3),in the results of the correct rate that the number of experiments and group interaction significantly p <0.05;Simple effect analysis on the both type,the Tai Chi participants that the simple effect of three experimental tasks is significant p =0.000;the participants who did not practice Tai Chi,the simple effect of three experimental tasks is significant p = 0.000.In the results of the reaction time as the dependent variable,the number of experiments and the frequency main effect were significantly p=0.000.In experiment 2,the reaction time and accuracy rate are dependent variables,and ANOVAs 2(group: intervention group,control group)× 2(TLT frequency: high probability,low probability)× 2(measure time: pre-test,post-test).In the correct rate of the dependent variable results that the frequency main effect was significant p <0.05.The reaction time as the dependent variable showed that the grouping,measure time,and frequency main effects were significantly p <0.05;the measure time and group interactions were significant p <0.05;frequency and group interaction were significant p <0.05;The simple effect analysis onmeasure time and group interaction,the simple effect before and after the test was significant p=0.01 in the intervention group;and the simple effect before and after the test was not significant p=0.905 in the experimental group,;the simple effect analysis of the frequency and group interaction,the frequency simple effect was significant p=0.000 in the intervention group;and the frequency simple effect was significant p=0.000 in the experimental group,.The conclusions are as follows:1.The more times the sequence is learned,the more obvious the implicit learning in the task.2.Taiji Quan is conducive to the improvement of the implicit learning ability of the elderly.