Comparison Of Individual And Cooperative Learning Transfer Effects Between Two Kinds Of Worked-Example Learning

Retnowati,Ayres and Sweller(2016)used the worked-examples of simple and complex problems to compare the transfer effect of problem-solving worked-examples learning in individual and group cooperation.The experimental results showed that the difference between the individual and cooperative learning was not significant,and the performance of far transfer tests of individual learning complex tasks was significantly better than cooperative learning.But the study of Dong Chengwen(2018)showed that in the worked-examples learning of rule,the transfer effect of the complex worked-examples learning of rule in cooperation learning was significantly better than that of individual learning.Whether the different results of the above experimental studies were caused by two different worked-examples learning,such as problem-solving worked-examples learning and worked-examples learning of rule? In order to answer this question,it was necessary to use the same worked-examples and the same group of participants to do the comparative study of the transfer effect of two kinds of worked-examples learning under the two learning modes.For this reason,the 4th grade students never learning to solve the "simple equation" were selected as the participants,and the calculation problems and application problems of "simple equation" were selected as problem-solving worked-examples learning and worked-examples learning of rule material with two complexity degrees of "simple" and "complex".Two experimental studies were done,respectively: Experiment 1 was used to investigate the transfer effect of the two learning modes of individual and cooperation in problem-solving worked-examples learning of simple and complex problems for the 4th grade pupils,while Experiment 2 was used to investigate that in two learning worked-examples learning of rule of simple and complex problems for the 4th grade pupils.The experimental results showed that:(1)Whether it was the simple problem-solving worked-examples learning or complex one,their performance of near transfer tests in the individual and cooperative learning modes were not significantly different;The two learning modes and two kinds of complexity degree to the performance of far transfer tests in the problem-solving worked-examples learning had a significant interaction.The concrete manifestation was that the difference of the performance of far transfer tests in the simple problem-solving worked-examples learning between the two learning modes was notsignificant,and the individual learning was significantly better than the cooperative learning in the far-transfer achievement of the complex problem-solving worked-examples learning.(2)The performance of near transfer tests in simple worked-examples learning of rule was significantly better than that in complex one,and the performance of near transfer tests in simple and complex worked-examples learning of rule was not significantly different between the two learning modes.Complexity degree and two learning modes had significant interaction between the results of the performance of near transfer tests,that was,the difference in the performance of near transfer tests of simple worked-examples learning of rule was not significant between the two learning modes;While in the performance of near transfer tests of complex worked-examples learning of rule,the achievement of cooperative learning was significantly better than that of individual learning;While in the performance of far transfer tests of simple and complex worked-examples learning of rule,the score of cooperative learning was significantly better than that of individual learning.The following main conclusions were received from this study: The transfer effect of the two kinds of work-examples learning was influenced by both the individual and the cooperative learning methods,and also by the complexity of the learning content.(1)Compared with individual learning,cooperative learning had not significantly promoted the transfer effect of problem-solving worked-examples learning.(2)Compared with individual learning,in addition to the performance of near transfer tests of worked-examples learning of simple rule,cooperative learning had a significant effect on the transfer effect of worked-examples learning of simple and complex rule.