Research On The Development Of American Charter Schools From The Perspective Of Educational Equity

A comprehensive view of charter schools in the United States since the early 1990 s was caused by the strong dissatisfaction of the American government and the public with the fairness and efficiency of traditional public education,which also reflected the American society's pursuit of higher level of educational fairness and great attention to educational efficiency.As a new type of school in the United States,the development of charter schools is not only an important part of American education development,but also an effective means of education reform in the United States.Compared with traditional public schools,charter schools have more flexible autonomy in running schools and more open experience management,which meet the educational needs of more school-age children and make education more widely available.Special attention paid by charter schools to special groups also reflects educational equity to a certain extent.In the process of education development in the world,the issue of educational equity is always an urgent problem to be solved.From the perspective of educational equity,this paper divides charter schools into three development stages according to the order of development.Throughout the development process of charter schools,the motivations for the establishment and development of charter schools in each stage are mostly the introduction of federal government bills and the promulgation of state charter school laws,which play a certain role in regulating and promoting charter schools and guaranteeing the smooth development of charter schools.In 1955,the advocates of education marketization Friedman and Hayek can be the seed of charter schools.In 1988,Ray Budde put forward specific plans for the implementation of charter schools in Education by Charter:Reconstructing School Districts,which made plans for the establishment of charter schools.In 1991,Minnesota enacted the first charter school law,which promoted the development of charter schools.In 1994 President Clinton signed the Goals 2000:Educate America Act,in order to ensure the most school-age children have equal education opportunity and more choice,for the first time charter school for public school reform measures officially included in the federal government's education policy,this phase of charter schools gradually favored by more and more parents and number in steady growth,therefore,it can be called the germination and initial development stage of charter schools.In order to ensure the orderly development of charter schools,President Clinton promulgated the Charter School Expansion Act in 1998,most importantly,the bill establishes the public nature of charter schools,charter schools have proliferated,giving more school-age children entrance of equality of opportunity,but also some problems of the rapid development of the cause of individual charter schools closed,also aroused the concern of the government,in the entrance of equality of opportunity at the same time more attention should be paid to ensure the equality of the learning process and learning result,therefore,in 2002 the President Bush promulgated the No Child Left Behind,the act established the charter school performance responsibility system,in order to improve the quality of education,to promote education fair,in conclusion,the author calls this stage the expansion and adjustment stage of charter schools.In 2015,driven by the concept of educational equity,the Obama administration promulgated the Every Student Succeeds Act to achieve the goal of pursuing excellence.The act explicitly proposed supporting the establishment of charter schools and encouraging the development of high-quality charter schools.At the same time,the act also reflected the efforts made by the federal government in promoting educational equity.At the same time of the development of charter schools,there are also a series of problems that need to be solved,which has triggered the thinking of all sectors of society.Therefore,this stage is called the development and reflection stage of charter schools.Clarifying the development of American charter schools not only deepens the understanding of charter schools in China at the present stage,but also creates a localized education reform model based on the reference.At the same time,the changes and development of charter schools in different stages are reviewed from the perspective of educational equity,which also meets the reasonable needs of the development of basic education in China,and has certain reference and guiding significance for the promotion of basic education in China in terms of promoting educational equity and improving the quality of education.