A Research On The Contents Of Instrument Gymnastics Textbooks In Chinese Primary And Secondary Schools Since 1949

One important reason for the great exercise value of the instrument gymnastics to people’s physiology and psychology is the huge teaching material.There are not only practical teaching materials related to life living such as climbing,supporting,hanging and balancing,but also sports skills teaching materials such as horizontal bar,supporting flexibility,speed and endurance which are all basic sports abilities,playing an irreplaceable role in the overall development of human sports ability.This research combs the specific movements of the contents of the instrument gymnastics textbooks in 33 volumes of the eight sets of primary and secondary school physical education textbooks compiled by People’s Education Publishing House after the founding of the People’s Republic of China by using the methods of documentation and content analysis,and strives to present the evolution of the contents of the apparatus gymnastics textbooks in the three generations of primary and secondary school physical education curriculum in China,and summarizes the changing rules of movement difficulty in each period.The theoretical research of gymnastics and the compilation of teaching materials of instrumental gymnastics provide historical clues.The research draws the following conclusions:After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the content of instrument gymnastics textbooks in our country has the characteristics of stages.In the first generation of physical education curriculum period,the content of primary and secondary school instrument gymnastics textbooks is difficult,the types are numerous and the system classification is chaotic.In the second generation of physical education curriculum period,although the content of instrument gymnastics textbooks is decoupled from the National Sports Exercise Standard,the difficulty of movement in the textbooks does not decrease but rises.In the third generation ofphysical education curriculum period,the difficulty of the teaching materials of gymnastics with apparatus in primary and secondary schools has been greatly reduced,and the direction of life,practicality and interest has been changed.The integrity of the original content system of instrumental gymnastics has also been challenged.The quantity of teaching contents of four routine items of instrument Gymnastics in the textbooks of primary and junior middle schools of PEP has different characteristics during the three generations of physical education curriculum in China.Although the quantity of teaching materials of instrument Gymnastics in primary school has fluctuated during the second generation of physical education curriculum,the quantity is on the rise in general.In junior middle schools,the content of gymnastics textbooks has shown a decreasing trend since the second generation of physical education curriculum is required by the diversity of sports items.From the point of view of the distribution of teaching contents in different grades,the basic and comprehensive characteristics of the teaching materials of instrument gymnastics have made the distribution of the teaching materials in primary schools stable at the end of the first generation of physical education curriculum(1978 edition),while the physical education materials in junior middle schools have been influenced by the diversity of sports events since the second generation of physical education curriculum,and the distribution of instrument Gymnastics in grades has been continuously done.A new attempt has been made to deal with the contradiction between the increasingly tense hours and the contents of the textbooks.The reform of the teaching material of instrument gymnastics is influenced and restricted by the school physical education thought.The school physical education thought of our country has been influenced by the "skill theory" for a long time.It is one of the external reasons that the development of instrument Gymnastics in primary and secondary schools can be guaranteed,but it is also an important factor thatrestricts the development of instrument gymnastics.Research recommendations:The selection and compilation of the teaching materials of instrumental gymnastics should be in accordance with the target system of the Standards of Physical Education and Health Courses,and give full play to the guiding role of the teaching materials of instrumental Gymnastics in the complete teaching activities.It is necessary to fully tap the interesting,practical and low requirement of teaching organization in the textbooks of different historical periods,and to improve them into the teaching methods and methods of typical textbooks at different levels,combining the physiological development characteristics and psychological cognitive characteristics of students at different ages,so as to ensure that the learning transfer of vertical teaching procedures and horizontal contents has certain logic.Rationality makes the content and teaching system of instrument gymnastics perfect constantly.Besides choosing the content with low requirements of teaching organization as the content of class teaching materials,we should also consider adding content suitable for after-class teaching materials such as clubs to guide and help teachers to broaden the teaching environment of instrument gymnastics.The selection and compilation of elementary school gymnastics textbooks should embody the basic characteristics of cultivating physical activity ability.The selection and compilation of junior middle school gymnastics textbooks should pay attention to sports culture and application extension.