| Gymnastics textbooks are the carriers of gymnastics knowledge, which influences the quality of gymnastics teaching and personnel training to a certain extent, and it affects the realization of the goal of physical education. Gymnastics education in the school and the national fitness campaign have many features and important position, and are the basis of the teaching activities between teachers and students, the teachers' learning reference, and the important guarantee of lifelong physical exercise for gymnastics lovers.With the development of our country sports enterprise and the attention to the textbooks, the publication of the gymnastics textbook gained much attention. Since 1961, when the first textbook of the gymnastics was published, experts and scholars carried out extensive research and discussion to promote the development of such material. These researches have focused on the study of construction of gymnastics textbooks for sports education majors in universities. It includes content such as gymnastics, gymnastics classification system, the characteristics of gymnastics, terms of gymnastic, etc. Some researches focus on the study of the gymnastics teaching reform, and the teaching and training of gymnastics. With the increasing scope of research and discussion, progress has been made in various aspects, and the gymnastics textbooks has been gradually moving to standardization and scientific directions. However, when analyze of relevant research literature about gymnastics textbooks, the result shows that research on gymnastics teaching textbooks still exists some shortage, or did not meet the expectations, such as the insufficient and inaccurate research on the characteristics of the gymnastics textbooks development and the overall trend.Using literature method, survey method, logic method and other research methods, this paper analyzed the development of sports colleges gymnastics, and comparatively analyzed the choice of contents for gymnastics textbooks, the content arrangement, development of knowledge capacity of chapters(selection, knowledge breadth, depth, etc.) and presentation methods, and summarized the characteristics and existing problems in the process of gymnastics teaching evolution, and elaborated on the development of gymnastics textbooks in the future. Research shows that:(a) Since the founding of our country the sports colleges gymnastics teaching material has experienced the following development stage: 1. The beginning stage of teaching material(1949-1965); 2. The basically stable stage of materials(1966-1989); 3. Teaching materials across improvement phase(1990-2000); 4. Teaching materials improvement and innovation stage(since 2001).(b) the change of the gymnastics teaching material: 1. The change of the content choice: in the teaching material beginning stage, knowledge coverage is wide; in the textbooks basically stable stage, topic contains bodybuilding gymnastics, the high school gymnastics teaching, teaching plan and assessment, gymnastics movements of the plate, scientific research methods, whereas gymnastics, gymnastics training, scientific research and production methods, gymnastics trauma prevention are gradually eliminated; in teaching material across improvement stage, the content of the teaching material is greatly reduced by cutting athletics strong content, and increase the content of the gymnastics fitness, fitness value.2. the change of the textbooks content arrangement: the the basis of the organization structure transformed from by the athletics gymnastics to gymnastics classification(kind of gymnastics, the utility class, technology basic gymnastics), and the arrangement layout was more reasonable and more logical.3. The textbook chapters content knowledge capacity change: maintain the basic partial stability, such as protect and help chapters; enriched the content part, such as gymnastic terms, like basic gymnastics; increased some parts, such as added interest, gymnastics, gymnastics appreciate content; cut the part that is difficult, such as athletics strong content, part of the horizontal bar, parallel bars action; textbook chapters of systemic knowledge has improved, such as: technical action choreography sequence and interpretation method, the present method is more advantageous to the student for systematic study.4. the changes in the way of presents: enriched the teaching material arrangement styles, version of the design is more convenient to read; however, with an emphasis on "simple statement type" expression of the basic remains the same; teaching material also assumes the overall decline in the number of illustrations of curve, and illustration graphics are varied.(c) the evolution of the gymnastics teaching material characteristics are: 1. The change of the teaching materials to reflect the characteristics of the times, scientific nature, and stability; 2. The textbook gradually strengthened the introduction and the presentation the keeping fitness, practicability; 3. The maneuverability of the practical content, applied by continual attention and promotion; 4. Teaching material choice, writing more targeted and social adaptability; 5. The change of the order of teaching materials, and presentation in a more visibility and readability.(d) Some problems in the teaching material writing: 1. The aim of training materials or task is not clear enough, parts of the content deviates from the practical study; 2. The development and transformation of gymnastics part are not interesting and reasonable enough; 3. Parts of textbook appear repeated mistakes, some places prose loosely; 4. Gymnastics teaching materials do not match the illustration, the quality needs to improve 5. Classification of gymnastics in gymnastics teaching material system remains to be researched on the basis of scientific classification of gymnastics teaching material selection, and arrangement of the scientific and logical remains to be strengthened.(e) the future development perspective of the gymnastics teaching materials: 1. further strengthen the gymnastics teaching material towards the systemic knowledge; 2. the teaching material content arrangement logic should comply with the principle of students' learning; 3. The richness of gymnastics performance become more adequate; 4. Further mining gymnastics fitness function; 5. The diversification of teaching material presentation; 6. Implement electronic teaching materials. |
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