| Purpose:To study the effects of different sports on bone mineral density(BMD)of children and adolescents athletes,and to provide reference for the formulation of physical exercise programs for children and adolescents.Methods: 330 amateur athletes(155 males and 175 females)from Amateur Sports schools,middle schools,such as football,basketball,volleyball,gymnastics,swimming,martial arts,track and field,heavy sports teams(wrestling,boxing,judo and Taekwondo)were selected as the research objects(a control group consisted of peers who did not participate in physical training.).Bone mineral density(BMD)was measured at two intervals of one year.The test sites were forearm bone and calcaneus.The Pearson correlation method of bivariate correlation was used to analyze the correlation between age and morphological parameters and bone mineral density.The bone mineral density between different gender,height,age and body fat rate in the same special item was compared by using single sample K-S test data as normal distribution and then independent sample t test.The bone mineral density between different special group,different item group and indoor and outdoor group was compared by using single factor covariance analysis.The results:(1)The results of grouping according to the items were as follows:the BMD of male throwing group was slightly lower than that of martial arts,volleyball,basketball and wrestling group(p < 0.05);the BMD of male Wushu group was higher than that of swimming and Taekwondo group(p < 0.05);and that of female swimming group was lower than that of most sports group(p < 0.05).Calcaneal bone mineral density of male Wushu group was higher than that of Taekwondo,throwing,swimming and gymnastics group(p < 0.05),while that of female football group was higher than that of other groups(p < 0.05).(2)The resultsof grouping by item group were as follows: there were differences in BMD among different sex,height,age and body fat rate groups of the same item group(p < 0.05).The BMD of forearm in male swimmer group was lower than that in difficult-to-beauty group(p < 0.05);the BMD of forearm in female swimmer group was lower than that in difficult-to-beauty and same-field group(p < 0.05);and the BMD of calcaneus in female swimmer group was higher than that in other groups.The calcaneal bone mineral density(BMD)of female athletes ranged from high to low in the same field group > mesh group > combat group(p < 0.05).(3)The results of site grouping were as follows: outdoor group was higher than indoor group(p <0.05).Tracking data:(4)Male athletes: the average BMD1 and BMD2 values of each special group were higher than those of the ordinary group;BMD1 and BMD2 values of gymnastics group were slightly higher than those of basketball group(p < 0.05);BMD increments of each special group were positive.Except for swimming group and gymnastics group,the average values of SOS1 and SOS2 of each special event were higher than those of common group.Except for gymnastics group,the increase of SOS in each special group is positive.(5)Female athletes: BMD1 value of track and field group was lower than that of basketball and heavy sports group(p < 0.05).The average BMD2 of each special event was higher than that of the ordinary group;the BMD2 value of track and field group was lower than that of basketball,gymnastics,heavy competition and football group(p < 0.05);the BMD2 value of gymnastics group was higher than that of Wushu group(p < 0.05).Except for the volleyball and heavy competition groups,the BMD increase of each special group is positive.Wushu group was significantly higher than basketball,volleyball,track and field group.Except for swimming and martial arts groups,the average values of SOS1 and SOS2 in other special groups were higher than those in ordinary groups.Volleyball and track and field groups were significantly higher than the general group.The SOS1 value of Wushu and swimming group was lower than that of volleyball,gymnastics,track and field,football group,and the SOS1 value of swimming group was lower than that of basketball group(p < 0.05).The football group was significantly higher than the general group(p < 0.05).The SOS2 value of swimming group was lower than that of basketball,volleyball,gymnastics,track and field,football group;the SOS2 value of Wushu group was lower than that of volleyball,track and field,Football Group(p < 0.05);the SOS2 value of football group was higher than that of other groups.(Wushu < track and field < football;swimming < basketball,gymnastics,track and field < football).Conclusion: Football,basketball and other competitive sports play a greater role in promoting bone mineral density of children's forearm and calcaneus;swimming non-weight-bearing sports have little effect on bone mineral density of children;high impact,resistance,overcoming gravity and other sports training have the greatest effect on bone mineral density,followed by endurance events,low impact,non-weight training have little effect on bone mineral density. |
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