| Triple jump,as a dominant and key development item in China's competitive sports track and field events,has very high technical requirements.The training of reserve talents is the basis of the development of competitive sports.Therefore,on the basis of discussing the present situation of basic sports techniques of juvenile Triple Jumpers in our country,this study compares and analyses the differences of sports techniques among juvenile Triple Jumpers of different sports levels in order to enrich the technical characteristics of juvenile Triple Jumpers in our country,the research results of kinematic diagnosis of sports techniques and find out the basic skills of reserve talent athletes.At the same time,it puts forward some suggestions to further improve and improve the techniques of juvenile Triple Jumpers in China.In this paper,some kinematic characteristics of triple jumpers participating in the 2017 National Track and Field Base Championship of High Level Reserve Talents Base are studied by using the methods of documentation,two-dimensional video recording,image analysis,testing method,mathematical statistics,comparative analysis and logical induction.The results and conclusions are as follows:(1)There is a significant positive correlation between the two-step speed,stride length and the landing and off-ground speed of the triple jump of male and female athletes after run-up.Among them,men's penultimate run-up speed and jump-off speed are highly positively correlated with triple jump performance(r = 0.738,P < 0.01;r = 0.763,P < 0.01);women's penultimate run-up speed,penultimate run-up speed,first jump landing speed and off-ground speed,and third jump-off speed are highly positively correlated with triple jump performance(r = 0.01).867,P < 0.01;r = 0.877,P < 0.01;r = 0.938,P < 0.01;r = 0.790,P < 0.01;r = 0.762,P < 0.01.The last two steps speed,the first and third jump landing speed of men's excellent group were significantly faster than those of the ordinary group(p < 0.05),and the last two steps speed,the first and third jump landing speed and the off-ground speed of women's excellent group were significantly faster than those of the ordinary group(p < 0.05),which indicated that men's and women's excellent group could keep good speed for take-off.Except for the female excellent group,the two strides of the male excellent group,the ordinary group and the female ordinary group after run-up showed a "big-small" pattern,and there were significant differences in the penultimate run-up distance between the male and female excellent group and the ordinary group(p < 0.05).(2)There are significant differences in triple jump performance,single-foot jump distance and stride jump distance between the male excellent group and the ordinary group(p < 0.05).The technical types of the male excellent group are mainly the dominant type of single-foot jump,while the three technical types of the male ordinary group are the same.In the first and second jumps,the men's excellent group is better than the ordinary group in taking off ability and supporting ability.In the first and second jumps,the excellent group uses the "knee bending" method when landing,while the ordinary group uses the "knee bending" method when landing in the third jump,and the ordinary group pedals and stretches too slowly.(3)There were significant differences in the performance of triple jump,the distance of one-foot jump and the distance of jump between the excellent group and the ordinary group(p < 0.05).The excellent women's group is mainly single-foot jump and balance type,while the common women's group is mainly single-foot jump type.The women's excellent group is better than the ordinary group in taking off ability of three jumps and initiative of taking off in the first jump,and the excellent group can exert itself on the third jump through the preparation in front.The buffer time of the second and second jumps,the pedaling and stretching time of the first and second jumps and the total support time of the first and second jumps in the excellent women's group were significantly less than those in the ordinary group(p < 0.05).The ordinary group showed that the pedaling and stretching speed was too slow and the pedaling and stretching strength was insufficient,and the ordinary group landed at a small knee angle in the third jump.(4)In terms of age,the elite athletes are concentrated in the male and female 16-17 age groups.The two indexes of height and Ketelet index of male and female elite group were significantly higher than those of common group,and there were significant differences in height between female elite group and common group(P < 0.05);the standing long jump and triple jump performance were significantly higher than those of common group(P < 0.05).In addition,the women's excellent group was significantly better than the ordinary group in the performance of throwing solid ball and 100 meters(P < 0.05).However,with the increase of athletes' age,there is less room to improve the performance of 16-17-year-old athletes than that of 14-15-year-old athletes. |
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