The Influence Of Family Disease Burden On Non-Agricultural Employment Of Rural Married Women

Since the 40 years' reform,rural surplus labor has gradually shifted to non-agricultural areas such as industrialization and urbanization.There is a clearly difference between male and female during non-agricultural process.Rural married female,compared with rural married male,are of disadvantage in non-agricultural employment,and then delayed in non-agricultural process.It is showed that China's current urbanization level is still lower than developed countries,rural married female still can move to cities.The increasing of resident morbidity and poverty rate due to illness have made more and more rural families become major disease rural families.Under the impact of major disease,the family needs to release the surplus labor to obtain economic income,which push married female to non-agricultural employment;however,family member who has major disease need the support of other members,and married female is the main supporter of family care,which pull married female to non-agricultural employment.Then,how can rural married female of major disease families achieve a balance between work and family under the combined effect of “push” and “pull”? How is the rational allocation of non-agricultural employment decisions? Some scholars have studied the impact of disease burden on the employment of family labor,but there are few studies distinguish the economic burden of disease from the care burden of disease,there are still few studies focus on the married female's employment methods,employment locations and employment time of non-agricultural employment decision-making.This paper uses the micro-household survey data of Xiaochang County and Hong'an County of Hubei Province in 2017,which has selected married female laborers who are between 18 and 65.The dependent variables are the employment methods,employment locations and employment time of married female;the independent variables are the economic burden of disease and the care burden of disease;the control variables include the age,education,health,skill training and decision-making status;spouse employment methods,spouse employment location,spouse employment time,burden of old people,burden of pre-school child,land and poor household;poor villages and county.Using the Stata14.0 and using the Multinomial Logistic model,the Logistic model and the Tobit model to empirically analyze the impact of family disease burden on non-agricultural employment of married female,and further comparing the difference between the major disease rural families and non-major disease rural families,short-term major diseased rural families and long-term major diseased rural families.The study found that:(1)The economic burden of disease will push married female to choose outside employment;(2)The care burden of disease will pull married female to choose non-agricultural employment;(3)The economic burden of disease and the care burden of disease will affect the non-agricultural employment time,the increase effect of disease economic is more effective in short-term major diseased rural families,and the reduction effect of disease care burden is more effective in long-term major diseased rural families;(4)The characteristics of human capital,the work type of spouses and the burden of the old people and children will affect married female to make non-agricultural employment decisions.Based on this,relevant policy suggestions are put forward from the four dimensions of government,society,family and individual :(1)the government should provide policy support from the two aspects of prevention and timely treatment of major diseases,reasonably allocate poverty alleviation resources according to the pathological characteristics of diseases;(2)the government and society should jointly build a health care system for the elderly and children in rural poverty areas,accelerate the development of non-agricultural sectors in rural poverty areas,and set up flexible working hours;(3)We should reasonably allocate inter-generational support among family members and encourage them to share the responsibility of family care;(4)Rural female should improve their human capital level from health,culture and skills to meet the requirements of the labor market.