Researches On The Cultivation Of High School Students' Historical-critical Thinking

Critical thinking is known as a way of rational thinking and judgement on problems,which both serves as an indispensable thinking of future social citizens and one of the focuses in school education against the background of new curriculum reform.At the stage of secondary education,critical thinking is mainly cultivated through integration with disciplines.Due to its disciplinary characteristics,history teaching has become an important way to cultivate critical thinking.Consequently,historical critical thinking is a core quality of students in analyzing historical problems on the basis of collection,discerning,and understanding historical materials and drawing conclusions according to evidences and rational inferences,including four elements,respectively questioning,analysis and demonstration,presenting well-grounded arguments and reflection and evaluation.As the researches on the connotation of critical thinking are continuously deepening,there have been a growing body of teaching researches on the cultivation of historical critical thinking.Nevertheless,actual teaching is also faced with various problems,which mainly include the misunderstanding of historical critical thinking on the part of teachers.It is necessary for teachers to set up correct consciousness of critical thinking teaching and penetrate critical thinking throughout their teaching objectives,so as to change current status of the cultivation of historical critical thinking in senior high school students,and offer the teaching assignments of history clear guiding direction.Teachers shall also fully tap into and integrate teaching resources to prepare for the development of historical critical thinking teaching.They shall apply various teaching methods flexibly,apply contextual teaching method to create problem situations to induce thinking in students,apply inquiry teaching method to guide students to analyze and demonstrate historical materials,and apply heuristic teaching method to enlighten students in confusion and improve the understanding of students.Simultaneously,they shall adopt effective evaluation on critical thinking teaching,make use of classroom observation method,formulate evaluation standards according to the behavioral expression of critical thinking,as well as evaluate teachers' critical thinking teaching and students' learning.