Study On The Load Superiority Effect And Mechanism Of Tennis Players' Working Memory

This research reveals the load superiority effects as well as the possible cognitive and neural mechanisms of high-level tennis players' working memory from the behavior(macro)and the mechanism(micro)level,through the records and comparison of different-level tennis players in different situations who complete different memory load of working memory task behavior,eye movement and neural activity of the brain.The study mainly adopted the expert-novice paradigm,applying event-related potential(ERP)and eye-movement technology simultaneously,and combined with the n-back experimental paradigm which is divided into low memory load(1-back),medium memory load(2-back),and high memory load(3-back).The first study explored the load superiority effect and mechanism of tennis players' working memory in non specific situations.Based on the sports level,the subjects are divided into high-level tennis players(expert group)and general-level tennis players(novice group).The former includes 13 experts(level 2 sportsman of tennis),while the latter involves13 novices(athletes with no sports level or those who have taken optional courses for tennis for only 48 hours).The results show that the accuracy of the expert group is higher,whereas there was no significant difference in fixation points and average fixation time between the two groups.The peak amplitude of P300 induced by the recording point of FZ electrode in the expert group was lower than that of the novice group,and the average amplitude of PSW at the recording point of PZ electrode was lower than that of the novice group.With the increase of memory load,the peak latency of P300 in the two groups gradually extended,and the peak amplitude of P300 and the average amplitude of PSW increased with the increase of memory load.The second study explored the load superiority effect and mechanism of tennis players' working memory in specific situations.Based on the sports level,the subjects are divided into high-level tennis players(expert group)and general-level tennis players(novice group).The former includes 12 experts(level 2 sportsman of tennis),while the latter involves 12 novices(athletes with no sports level or those who have taken optional courses for tennis for only 48 hours).The results show that the response speed of the expert group is faster and the accuracy is higher.There were more fixation points and shorter average fixation time in the expert group.Under low and medium memory load,the latency of P300 induced by the expert group was short,and the peak amplitude of P300 and the average amplitude of PSW were low,while under high memory load,the latency of P300 induced by the expert group was longer than that of the novice group,and the average amplitude of PSW induced by the expert group was higher than that of the novice group.With the increase of memory load,the peak latency of P300 in the two groups gradually extended,and the peak amplitude of P300 and the average amplitude of PSW increased with the increase of memory load.Conclusion:(1)in the non-specific situation,high-level tennis players have the behavioral superiority of high accuracy when they complete different tasks of working memory load.The possible cognitive mechanism is to make full use of and allocate attention resources,and its possible neural mechanism is that the amplitude of P300 and PSW induced by corresponding brain area of cerebral cortex is low.(2)In the special situation,when completing the tasks of low and medium memory load,the high-level tennis players have the behavioral superiority of fast response speed and high accuracy.The possible cognitive mechanism is high efficiency of visual search,strong target orientation,and the ability to extract information effectively as the basis of memory.The possible neural mechanism is that the latency of P300 induced by the corresponding brain area of cerebral cortex is earlier,and the amplitude of P300 and PSW is lower.When completing the tasks of high memory load,the high-level tennis players have the behavioral superiority of fast response speed and high accuracy.The possible cognitive mechanism is that there are many production rules and levels of procedural knowledge representation.The possible neural mechanism is that the latency of P300 induced by the corresponding brain area of cerebral cortex is later and the amplitude of PSW is higher.