| As a mega-city with a population of more than 30 million and the only inland municipality directly under the Central Government,Chongqing has a prominent population contradiction,and the degree of population aging ranks among the top in the country.In order to understand the situation of population development in China,correctly judge the fertility level,strengthen the understanding of fertility problems,in order to estimate the fertility potential,and answer the relevant questions about why intergenerational differences and their influencing factors through intergenerational analysis and comparison,it is helpful to help local government departments to further improve the relevant policy measures and provide relevant basis and reference for their optimization of reproductive policy services.Based on Bourdieu's field theory and Coleman's rational selection Based on the results of previous studies,the following hypotheses are proposed:1.influenced by the social culture and the background of the times,women of childbearing age have different different generations of childbearing age is different,and the reproductive behavior is different.2.affected by personal and family factors,the younger the age of first marriage and the higher the family's economic income,the more willing to give birth.3.affected by personal and family factors,the younger the age of first marriage,the higher the family economic income of women of childbearing age,their reproductive behavior is stronger.4.the influence of individual and family factors,there are deviations between reproductive will and behavior of women of childbearing age,and differences exist between generations.Based on the existing theoretical and empirical studies and combining with the perspectives of sociology,demography and economics,this study selected the individual and family characteristics that affect fertility willingness and behavior as independent variables,and used Chongqing data from the data of the National Sample Survey of Fertility status 2017,The methods of basic description statistical analysis,chi-square test,T test and regression analysis were carried out by SPSS software to analyze the fertility intention,fertility behaviorand the degree of deviation between them and their influencing factors in the 1970s(38-47years),1980s(28-37 years)and Cenozoic(15-27 years)of Chongqing Municipality At the same time,the author analyzes the status of fertility intention and fertility behavior from three dimensions of quantity,sex and time,and then carries out Poisson regression analysis on the influencing factors of fertility intention and fertility behavior respectively.Secondly,because gender is uncontrollable and time dimension is limited by data,this study only analyzes the deviation from both in quantitative terms,and uses binary logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors that produce deviations.Through the research,it is found that the number of women of childbearing age in Chongqing is mainly 2 children,the average ideal number is 1.95,the average planned birth is1.7,the difference between ideal and intention is 0.25,while the actual average birth number is 1.3,and the difference between fertility behavior and fertility intention is 0.65.With the increase of age,the stronger the will of "Dingke nationality ",the change of gender preference from boy preference to girl preference,the average age of ideal childbearing for women of childbearing age in Chongqing is 31.44 years old,and the interval between marriage and childbearing of three generations increases gradually between 1-5 years,showing the trend of late marriage and late childbearing.Through binary regression The analysis found that the main factors influencing the deviation between reproductive will and reproductive behavior of women of childbearing age in Chongqing are education level,existing child structure,the nature of employment unit and their own family structure,among which the chance ratio of deviation from secondary school education is 0.766 times that of primary school and above,and 1.494 times that of non-only child family.In different generations,the fertility intention and the fertility behavior all produce the deviation,among them the 70 s population ideal fertility average is 1.97,the actual average is 1.7,has basically reached the Chongqing city fertility level,its deviation degree is 0.27.The ideal average for the 1980 s was 1.88 The actual mean was 1.42,which was lower than the overall fertility level in Chongqing,and its deviation was 0.46.The ideal mean of the Cenozoic population is 1.83,the actual mean is 0.4,the fertility rate is far lower than the fertility level of Chongqing,and the deviation degree is1.43.The results show that the main factors influencing the deviation between fertilityintention and fertility behavior in the 1970 s include education level,family structure and family economic income,in which the gap increases with the increase of education level,the difference between the ideal number of non-only children and the actual number of children is1.588 times that of the only child,and the gap between the ideal number of children and the actual number of children decreases with the increase of family economic income.The factors influencing the deviation of reproductive intention and behavior of women of childbearing age in the 1980 s were the age of first marriage and the structure of their own family and existing children,in which the age of first marriage was positively correlated with the degree of deviation,and the first marriage The older the age,the greater the gap between fertility intention and fertility behavior,and the deviation of only child family is smaller than that of non-only child family.The key factors affecting the new generation include education level and existing child structure.With the increasing education level,the gap between the ideal number of children and the actual number of children is decreasing;compared with the absence of children,the ratio of the birth intention of the existing children to the occurrence of deviations from the reproductive behavior is less than 1.Based on the results of the research on the fertility willingness and behavior of women of different generations of childbearing age in Chongqing,some thoughts are put forward.First,we should rationally guide and set up a concept of reproduction adapted to social development,raise the level of education and change people's perceptions;secondly,reduce the reproductive pressure of young people,introduce relevant policies and measures to increase investment in the maternity security system and encourage and encourage the new generation of people to bear children;secondly,we should adapt measures to local conditions,raise living standards in rural areas and narrow the urban-rural dual-element gap;finally,we should strengthen the relevant protection for women(re-employment),expand the reproductive welfare of enterprises and other units,and create a fair and just employment environment. |
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