The Development Of The Profit Theory Of Value From Smith,Ricardo To Marx

The Marxist theory of profits is a critical inheritance of the representative theory of classical political economy,which has come from the groundbreaking formation and development.It can be said that the theory of profit of classical political economy laid the foundation of Marx's theoretical system of profits.Adam Smith and Ricardo,as the most representative figures in different stages of classical political economy,made important contributions to the development of the profit system.Based on the representative theories of these two typical stages,this paper studies the theory of profit of classical political economy and analyzes the similarities and differences between the theory of profit of Marxist political economy and the theory of profit in different stages of classical political economy.Marx's theory of profit criticizes,inherits and develops Adam Smith and Ricardo,and makes in-depth and meticulous analysis of the formation and characteristics of the Marxist profit system.The first chapter of this article is an introduction,introducing the research background of this article in the introduction,and explaining the significance of the study on the formation of profit theory from Adam Smith to Ricardo and finally Marxism.This chapter also summarizes the main research methods used in this paper and the two most prominent innovations.This paper uses the most typical contradiction analysis,theoretical analysis and comparative history analysis method to summarize and summarize the formation of the Marxist theory of profit,and make a detailed and in-depth comparative analysis of the Marxist profit system and the profit point of view in classical political economy.The second chapter of this article mainly introduces Adam Smith's profit theory.This chapter,based on the foundation of classical economics,"the study of the nature and causes of the national wealth," elaborates and generalizes the profit theory of Adam Smith and analyzes the influence of Marxist profit theory on labor profit The second factor is that labor profits are actually explained by core concepts such as profit after removal of labor and rent after rent,on the basis of which dialectical evaluation of Adam Smith's profit theory is made.Labor theory of value is the cornerstone of Adam Smith's theoretical system of profit,so the nature of labor profits is once again defined.It is precisely because of the inherent contradictions arising from the dual viewpoints of labor value theory in classical political economy that there are also contradictions in the theory of profits that Adam Smith developed on this basis.The third chapter of this article mainly introduces David Ricardo's theory of profit.This chapter takes Ricardo's representative "political economy and taxation principle" as a foundation to explain Ricardo's theory of profit growth and airport of Adam Smith in the framework of classical economics.Ricardo made a distinction and elaboration between the market price and the natural price of labor and extended the scope of the natural price of labor to make it relevant to the increase in population and capital,and explained their relationship with labor profits.This article made an objective and fair evaluation of Ricardo's profit system.Ricardo's most outstanding contribution to the classical political science profit system lies in its in-depth improvement of the labor value and distribution issues,all of which are helpful in building a more complete profit theory.The contradictions in Adam Smith's profit theory were somewhat overcome by Ricardo,and Ricardo's further abstract deduction of the nature of the capitalist relations of production made the essence of profit concealed.The fourth chapter of this article elaborates the theoretical system of Marxist profits.Based on Marx's "capital theory",this paper makes a brief analysis of the profits involved in all Marx's writings and sorts out the criticism,inheritance and development of the profit theory in classical political economy by Marx's profit system.On the whole,the theory of profit in classical political economy is the foundation of Marx's profit theory system.From the means,Marx inherited the method of abstract analysis,inheriting the relationship between profit and labor-capital contradiction from the content.At the same time,Marx also pointed out the essential contradiction in the theory of profit of classical economics.Marx clearly distinguished the essential difference between the value of labor and the value created by labor,and made clear the essence that profit was the value of labor,It is this fundamental difference that establishes the Marxist theory of profit.The fifth chapter is the conclusion part,which summarizes the critical inheritance of the profit theory of classical political economics around the theory of Marxist profit.Summed up the part of Marx's critical inheritance of labor theory of value,and clearly pointed out Marx's negation of the obfuscation of labor and labor as well as class standpoints in classical economic theory.