Study On Farmer's Land Transfer Behavior And Its Influencing Factors From The View Of Rural Household Diversification

The key to the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is rural land issues.Rural land is not only a production factor,but also plays an important role in the carrier of rural economic development.With the deepening of the process of urbanization,major changes have taken place in the rural economic structure around the suburbs.At the same time,the rural labor force was transferred from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries,and the outflow of the agricultural labor force severely restricted the development of the agricultural industry.The emergence of modern agriculture has solved the dilemma of “who manages agriculture and how it develops”.Compared with modern agriculture,the disadvantages of traditional family management are magnified,such as the scattered land,large product differences,and lack of competitiveness.It is necessary to establish a three-dimensional complex modern agricultural management system to guide the orderly circulation of land management rights in order to safeguard national food security,promote agricultural efficiency,and increase farmers' income.Based on the perspective of farmer households to study the land circulation problem,it helps to protect the rights of farmers as much as possible,promote moderate scale operations in multiple forms.In this study,seven counties(districts)in the suburbs of Xi'an were selected as the research area.A random stratified typical sampling method was adopted,34 villages were selected,and 1050 survey data were obtained through questionnaire survey and semi-structure interviews.From the aspect of differentiation of farmer households,farmers are divided into pure farmer,multiple occupations farmer,part-time farmer,and non-agricultural farmer households.Analysis of farmer households' land transfer behaviors and their differences with circulation intentions with different degrees of differentiation.The influencing factors were analyzed by spearman rank correlation coefficient and logistic regression model to compare the influencing factors of farmer households with different degrees of differentiation in land circulation behavior.Put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The results show:(1)The land circulation in the suburbs of large cities shows high turnover rates.Thecirculation forms are mainly based on renting.New forms such as shares or cooperation account for relatively small amounts.The direction of land flow is dominated by agricultural enterprises,and the village committee and government departments take part in the intermediary role.After the circulation,the land is mainly planted with cash crops,and“de-grantification” is obvious,and part of the land is used for the development of leisure agriculture.The overall flow of the process specification,and circulation lacks effective supervision and follow-up protection.(2)There are significant differences in circulation endowment among various types of farmers.The types of farm households whose land transfer rate is from high to low are pure farmer,multiple occupations farmer,part-time farmer,and non-agricultural farmer households.In the circulation form,except for pure farmers who use subcontracting as the main circulation method,the rest are mainly rented.The average number of years of circulation and circulation has gradually increased along with the deepening of the degree of differentiation among households,while the area of farmland per capita has continued to decline.Pure farmer households mainly flow to the same farmer households,and the other three farmer households use agricultural enterprises as their main targets.The non-agricultural households have the most standardized transfer contracts,and pure farmers have incomplete transfer procedures.They are mainly verbal agreements and have strong arbitrariness.(3)43.66% of farmers are willing to transfer land,and the proportion of farmers who are willing to evacuate the land is higher than that of farmers willing to flow into the land.The non-farm households with the highest willingness to transfer will be followed by multiple occupations farmer,part-time farmer and pure farmer.Most rural households tend to evacuate their land,and households with inflow intentions are mostly non-farm households with no cultivated land at home.44.4% of the difference in turnover is that the farmers have the willingness to transfer,but the circulation has not been reached,indicating that the existing land circulation market still has room for development.The difference of 20.4% was that the farmers were not willing to transfer the land.As a result of herding behavior or the government's guidance,the land was eventually chosen to transfer land.(4)The most significant factor affecting the land transfer behavior of peasanthouseholds is the willingness to transfer,the proportion of agricultural labor force and whether there are agricultural companies in the village;the significant factor is the proportion of family participation,expected circulation income;Weak factors include the age of the head of the household,the level of education received,the distance from the city center,the accessibility of information,and whether the village has a distinctive agricultural industry,and there is no significant correlation between the amount of cultivated land owned by the household and the expected circulation subject.Different types of rural households have different land transfer influencing factors.Although the circulation behaviors are mainly based on willingness orientation and interest orientation,the farmers with lower differentiation degree value the number of family laborers,and the farmers with higher differentiation degree are more affected by information accessibility.(5)Propose corresponding land transfer encouragement policies for different types of farmers.For pure farmers,the government should provide training in agricultural technology to help it develop into a large agricultural.For multiple occupations farmer,encouraged not only to transition to the agricultural industry,but also to provide farmers with a variety of non-agricultural industries to increase income channels.For part-time households and non-farm households,we should vigorously improve the social security system and transfer the farmers' psychological dependence on the land.The government should improve and standardize the land circulation market based on respecting farmers' willingness to transfer,and establish a clearly defined supervision system.Under the conditions of improving the social security system,we must adhere to sustainable development and ultimately achieve a deeper reform of the agricultural industry structure.