Health,labor Participation And Work Capacity In Agriculture Of Rural Elderly In China

With the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization,great changes have taken place in the structure of rural labor force.According to the sixth national census in 2010,the rural elderly over 60 years old in China have reached 100 million,which is 14.98% of the country's total population.According to relevant data,the pull of city life has attracted most of the rural youth labor force,which is mainly engaged in the second and tertiary industries.The aging trend in rural areas is accelerating,and the labor force is no longer a reservoir,which is inexhaustible.The Lewis turning point is coming,and the rural labor scarcity may become the norm.The state puts forward the strategy of rural revitalization,the integration of urban and rural areas,the realization of the synchronization of four modernizations,the realization of agricultural modernization,and the guarantee of food security.From the transformation of rural labor force structure,it can be seen that the rural elderly are the agricultural labor force to be excavated in the future.The role of the elderly in rural areas can not be ignored for the protection of the future agricultural labor supply and food security.The existing statistics on the supply of labor are based on age.But in the context of accelerated aging and increased life expectancy,this age-based supply statistics may not accurately reflect the supply situation in the labor market.It is a new idea to estimate labor supply potential based on health.Although the current social endowment insurance has not yet realized the full coverage of rural residents,the integration of urban and rural social security will also bring rural residents into a unified old-age security system.It is very important to postpone the pension age of the rural elderly after the social security integration in the future.Therefore,based on the above research background,extending the supply of agricultural labor and measuring the work capacity of agricultural labor supply of rural elderly is not only related to the sustainability of agricultural labor supply,but also it is of great significance to redefine the statistical caliber of agricultural labor supply.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Measurement of health status and labor participation,and descriptive statistical analysis.(2)Analysis of the influence of health status on labor participation.(3)The measurement and description of agricultural work capacity of rural elderly.Firstly,the Cutler method is used to measure the agricultural work capacity of the rural elderly.Secondly,the rural elderly people's agricultural workcapacity is measured and compared by gender group,age group,educational level group and region group.(4)Conclusions and countermeasures.How to ensure the sustainability of future agricultural development and national food security under the premise that health benefits are not damaged,and fully tap the agricultural work capacity of the rural elderly?How to provide theoretical support for the government to formulate relevant policies?The study found that,(1)As the age increases,there is no significant deterioration in the health status of rural elderly,which is an important basis for delaying the retirement of rural elderly.However,postponement of retirement cannot be a one-size-fits-all,based on the actual situation,step by step.(2)The retirement could be delayed on the basis of the current health of the rural elderly.The best age of male for delay retirement is between 61 and62,the female is between 57 and 58.This is also based on the health factor redefined agricultural labor supply statistics.If the retirement age of male is delayed 61,the agricultural work capacity was 1.03%.When it is delayed 62,the agricultural labor work capacity will be overdrawn 2.36%.If the retirement age of female is delayed 57,the agricultural work capacity was 4.48%.When it is delayed 58,the agricultural work capacity will be overdrawn 3.22%.(3)The lower the level of education,the greater the agricultural work capacity.It is difficult to find other non-agricultural jobs for low education level groups,which can only be engaged in agricultural production.(4)The agricultural work capacity for men and women in different regions is different.In the east(except for 60 to 64 years old)and in the middle the agricultural work capacity of male is higher than that of female,and in the west the agricultural work capacity of the female is higher than that of male.Finally,based on the above conclusions,from the actual point of view,in order to ensure the sustainability of the agricultural labor supply,and the reconfirmation of the statistical caliber of the agricultural labor supply,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.