The Application Of Graphene Oxide Composite Three-dimensional Porous Scaffold In Simulating Bone Marrow Microenvironment And Drug Screening In Vitro

The concept of tissue engineering was first proposed by American scientists in the 1990 s.Nowadays,tissue engineering has become a new discipline involving many aspects of physics,chemistry,materials,engineering and medicine.The research and development of tissue engineering have provided new ideas for solving many complex clinical problems.The development of three-dimensional tissue scaffolds is the focus of tissue engineering.The ultimate purpose of scaffolds is to repair the structure and tissue defects in vivo as an implant and to study the biological characteristics of cells in vitro as a new cell culture method.In this paper,we summarized the structural properties and material requirements of excellent tissue scaffolds,listed the application of tissue scaffolds in specific tissue engineering and the clinical challenges to be faced,summarized the preparation methods and materials of tissue scaffolds in recent years,and proposed the development prospect and demand of tissue scaffolds in the future.In the past,the study of the physiological characteristics of leukemia cells and their prevention,diagnosis and treatment were all based on two-dimensional cell culture technology.However,the defects of this technology led to a series of problems,such as 95% of the drugs that inhibit leukemia cells in vitro are difficult to obtain similar effects in clinic.Different from this 2D culture,for leukemia cells,the 3D structure provided by the scaffold is located in the body close to the bone marrow microenvironment,so as to reflect the proliferation and growth state of leukemia cells and the influence of drugs.To solve the above problems,we first prepared GO/silk fibroin/carboxymethyl chitosan(GO/SF/CMCS)three-dimensional porous scaffolds by freeze-drying.Experimental results show that by doping GO swelling of composite scaffold from(332.73%± 43.8%)to(483.73%±35.64%),which means that the stents hydrophilic enhancement which benefits the proliferation of cell adhesion,we also found that GO through doping,composite scaffolds immerse in PBS after 7 days of degradation rate reduced from 9.83% to 2.10%,the compressive strength from k Pa(45.81±3.89)to(60.2442±4.67)kPa,this means that the GO composite scaffolds can provide more stable living space for cells.The improvement of the above performance enhanced the biocompatibility experiment of GO composite scaffold.SEM and fluorescence staining also proved that the proliferation activity of cells in high concentration GO scaffold was stronger.Different from traditional 2D culture,the leukemia cells cultured in 3D showed more similar drug resistance to clinical results.This indicates that three-dimensional GO composite stent can well simulate the bone marrow microenvironment in vivo,and is a good platform for preliminary clinical screening of drugs..