Comparative Transcriptome Study Of Dog Badger And Pig Badger Small Intestine

Both ofEurasian badger(Meles meles)andHog-Badger(Arctonyx collaris)are classifiedunder order Carnivora,family Mustelidae,subfamilyMelinae.Eurasian badger belongs to Meles and Hog-Badger belongs to Arctonyx.Both Eurasian badger and hog-badger are omnivorous animals with similar feeding habits.However,anatomical studies of Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger have shown that Hog-Badger has a cecum butEurasian badgerdoes not.The role of the cecum in omnivorous animals is to extend the time of food in the small intestine.Based on the phenomenon that the Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger digest similar food in small intestine,but the digestion time is different,we hypothesize that their small intestines have adaptive diversity.We expect to find evidence of adaptive diversityfrom comparative transcriptome analysis of the small intestine of Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger’s.The following results were obtained:1.The Eurasian badger samples obtained clean reads of 8.04 Gb,7.83 Gb,and 8.05 Gb,and the Hog-Badger samples obtained clean reads of 9.02 Gb,8.22 Gb,and 8.45 Gbby sequencing the small intestine transcriptome of three Eurasian badgers and three Hog-Badgers.After splicing and assembling the samples of Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger,the samples of Eurasian badger obtained 335,772 transcripts and 285,159 unigenes.The samples of Hog-Badger obtained 413,917 transcripts and 362,075 unigenes.2.We used seven databases to annotate unigene.When unigene was classified into GO,it was found that the unigene of Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger had the same three items in terms of digestion.In the KEGG classification,the Digestive system subclass enriched 695 and 611 unigenes in the Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger.It is indicated that a large number of digestion-related genes are annotated in the small intestine of Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger.3.Through the selective pressure analysis of orthologous genes,we can predict the genes that play an important role in the differentiation and evolution of the two species.A total of 5227 pairs of orthologous genes were obtained by screening,including 473 pairs of divergent orthologous genes and 1263 pairs of conserved orthologous genes.4.We performed a GO enrichment analysis on the divergent orthologous gene.The results showed that eight entries in the molecular function class were related to the enzyme activity,indicating that the divergent orthologous gene in the small intestine of the Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger are related to the activities of these enzymes.We performed a KEGG enrichment analysis of the divergent orthologous gene,in which the cAMPand cGMP-PKG signaling pathways were enriched into six andeight genes.The cAMP and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways regulate intestinal secretion and food transport,suggesting that divergent orthologous gene in the small intestine of Eurasian badger and Hog-Badgerare associated with secretion and transport of the small intestine.The Hippo signaling pathway is enriched in five genes.The ability of the small intestine to absorb nutrients is closely related to the size of its volume.Hippo signaling pathway can control the size of organs volume,and the five genes enriched are related to cell division,differentiation and growth and development of organisms.It is indicated that the divergent orthologous gene in the small intestine of Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger are related to the regulation of organ size.In summary,the divergent orthologous gene in the small intestine of Eurasian badger and Hog-Badger is associated with a variety of enzyme activities,secretion and food transport of the small intestine,and regulation of the size of the small intestine.It is speculated that their small intestine may undergo adaptive differentiation in these aspects.