| The establishment of a healthy intestinal microbiota is crucial for the growth and development of newborns.Breast-feeding is one of the main factors guiding the establishment of early gut microbiota.Breast milk contains a variety of bioactive substances,including breast milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)and microorganisms,which play an important role in the construction of the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of infants.Studies have shown that the types(secreted and non-secreted)of fucosyltransferase 2(FUT2)gene in the mammary gland of the mother are different,and the HMO composition changes in the breast milk secreted during lactation are also different,thus affecting the development of intestinal microbiota of the offspring.However,the effect of different FUT2 genotypes on breast milk microbiota is not yet clear.Objective:To investigate the main differences of breast milk microbiota between secretory and non-secretory mothers during breastfeeding in dalian,liaoning province.Methods:42 volunteer mothers were enrolled in dalian maternity hospital to collect samples of their breast milk on the 6th after delivery.The DNA of breast milk samples was extracted,and the fragments containing SNP were Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)and sequenced to detect the gene type of FUT2.High throughput sequencing of 16 S r DNA was used to analyze the microbial diversity in different breast milk samples,and the microbial abundance and types in different breast milk samples were discussed.Results:1.The secretion types of the tested mothers were identified by the SNP of FUT2 genePCR was used to amplify rs601338 and rs1047781 fragments of FUT2 gene from42 volunteer mothers,and sequencing was performed to obtain SNPs sites.The A/T mutation of rs1047781 in FUT2 gene was consistent with the results of the mother’ssecretory typing,that is,in the FUT2 genome,the A mutation of the non-secretory mothers was T,and the non-mutated mothers were secretory.Of the 42 volunteers,6were nons ecretory type and 36 were secretory type.2.Analysis of the differences between secretory and non-secretory breast milk microbiotaAfter systematic analysis,there was no significant difference in α diversity index between the two groups,such as Shannon,ACE and Chao1.By using principal coordinate analysis,it was found that the distance between secretory group and non-secretory group was relatively long,the structure of microflora in lactobacillus group was similar,and there were great differences between groups.According to the classification results of OTU,the specific composition of each group at different classification levels was obtained.It was found that there was a significant difference in the relative abundance of breast milk microbiota between the secretory and non-secretory groups.For example,from the phylum level analysis,compared with the non-secreted group,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the secretory group increased,and the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased.3.Characteristic microbe of secretory and non-secretory mother’s milk microbiotaThe 16 S r RNA data of two groups of samples were analyzed by STAMP,at family level,the microbiota in breast milk were Family Xi and Methylobacteriaceae.The number of Family Xi family species in the secretory group was much higher than that in the non-secretory group(p<0.05).At genues level,the microbiota of breast milk were Gemelia and Methylobacterium.The number of Gemelia family species in the secretory group was much higher than that in the non-secretory group(p<0.05).At species level,the microbiota of breast milk were Acinetobacter pittii and Methylobacterium komagatae.The number of Acinetobacter pittii family species in the secretory group was much higher than that in the non-secretory group(p<0.05).Conclusion:Breast milk microbiota composition is affected by maternal fucosyltransferase 2(FUT2)gene types,namely maternal secretory and non-secretory. |
PDF Full Text Request