Research On The "knowledge-based" Problem In Foucault's Thought

The French philosopher Michel Foucault is a dazzling academic star in the French ideological world following Sartre,known as the "Nietzes of France in the 20th Century." His works are cover a wide range of topics and affect on various subject areas.Because of the profoundness and subversiveness of his thoughts,he has exerted a profound influence on the academic circles of the West and even the entire world.Foucault not only has a keen theoretical observation,but also has superb theoretical creativity.As a philosophy master who created concepts,he left many inspiring conceptual inheritances.In recent years,the research on Foucault's thoughts has shown a trend of "hot",and most of Foucault's works have also been translated into Chinese.However,there are still some neglected areas in many studies,such as the study of the"épistémè" problem in Foucault's thinking.Whether it is just starting from the concept of "épistémè" to clarify its origin,connotation and development process,or to use it as an entrance to interpret Foucault's text,it both has great value and significance.Therefore,I will try to study this issue from these aspects.The introduction mainly discusses the purpose and significance of this article,then summarizes the research status of this topic.The first chapter mainly outlines the background of the "épistémè".First of all,it outlines the philosophical context in which this concept was generated.This section mainly contain two aspects,one of which is the background of French philosophy.From the late 1970s and early 1980s,"Postmodernism" is dominated the French philosophy.Postmodernism and Nietzsche,Freud,Heidegger,and other people's philosophical thoughts come down in one continuous line.The characteristics of their thinking are that oppose the oneness,totality,certainty,and identity,advocate pluralism,pay attention to locality,and emphasis uncertainty and diversity.Foucault's "épistémè" thinking was born from this background.The second aspect is Foucault's personal "unique" philosophy.As a believer of Nietzsche,after the "God is dead" in Nietzsche,Foucault shouted "The man is dead"and revealed the plight of man as the subject of knowledge.As the disintegration of the subject is accompanied by the dissolution of truth.Foucault was always insisted on a kind of perspective to understand the problem of truth,he was trying to break the essential theory,the myth of continuity,and tapping the differences,changes and breaks in history.Afterwards,based on an overview of the overall philosophical background,this paper will elaborate the ideological origins of the concept of"épistémè",which mainly expounds the influence of Gaston Bachelard,Georges Canguilhem and Louis Pierre Althusser on Foucault.The second chapter focuses on the discussion and combing of the meaning and development of "épistémè".The concept of"épistémè" is not a concept of "monolithic".Although it seems to be a "short-lived"phenomenon,in Foucault's works,it can be found that the development of this concept"marks",which itself is a generation of the process.First of all,it was born from Les Mots et les choses.Then in L'Archeologie du savoir,Foucault transformed the expression of "épistémè" to include a whole set of conceptual systems of many sub-concepts;and lastly he use the concept of "dispositif" to retrospectively define the connotation of "épistémè".What is the relationship between these concepts?What is the connotation about the "épistémè" in the end?In Les Mots et les choses,"épistémè" is a spatial concept and it exists as a "spread space" of knowledge.It does not follow the"progress" and "rationality" of "history".And it acts as an independent space that rejects the value judgment and plays a role in the knowledge within that space under certain conditions.It is a "silence" basis.It is like an anonymous "talker" who follows the "anonymous" rules and constantly changes the relationship with the visible.L'Archeologie du savoir can be regarded as a methodological analysis of Les Mots et les choses,Foucault put forward the concept of "épistémè" in Les Mots et les choses and discussed three types of épistémè in different periods,but he did not give the answer to why "épistémè" affect the knowledge,and thus inevitably.produced controversy.In L'Archeologie du savoir,Foucault made the answer:discourse practice,and explained how discourse practice works:statements.It is noteworthy that Foucault also saw the importance of "non-discourse"(institution/power)in L'Archeologie du savoir.This can be seen as a supplement and correction to "épistémè" in Les Mots et les choses.Later,in some interviews,Foucault proposed the "dispositif'.Through this concept,Foucault gave a final definition of "épistémè",and "dispositif" could be regarded as a more general state about "épistémè".Although Foucault no longer mentions this cocept in his later works specifically,we can still find the concept in his artistic conception and even his concrete works,especially in his History of Seuality.The concept can be clearly found.Therefore,The third chapter makes a textual interpretation of Foucault's History of Sexuality based on the concept of "épistémè".In the practice of sexual discourse,this paper mainly analyzes the rules of the statement in different periods,and elaborats the expression and significance of "épistémè" in Foucault's specific texts.