The Relationship Between Parenting Style, Self-esteem And Altruistic Behavior Of Junior High School Students

Altruistic behavior is an important component of individual sociality,which is gradually formed in the process of socialization.Promoting the development of altruistic behavior will help teenagers to adapt to society better and become sound social people,both physically and mentally.And self-esteem,which is an important part of personality trait,is of vital importance to a person's healthy growth and social adaption.Meanwhile,it is influenced by parental rearing pattern.Therefore,this study focuses on the relationship among parental rearing styles,self-esteem and altruistic behavior in Junior Middle school students.This study is based on the parental rearing style questionare(EMSU),Rosenberg's Self-esteem scale(SES)and the Chinese revised version of Altruism self-scale editted by Rushton.By using cluster sampling,576 junior middle school students in Qing zhou Wei fang were studied and SPSS21.0 was used to do the data processing and analysis.This study draws the following conclusions:(1)There are significant gender differences in parental rearing styles and self-esteem for Junior Middle students,which is manifested by the following points: the level of parents punishment,stringency,refusal,denying,over intervention and excessive protection of junior middle school male students are significantly higher than that of female students.In addition,mothers favour boys more than girls.Boys have higher self-esteem level than girls,while they don't have significant difference in altruistic behavior.(2)For junior middle school students,there are no marked grade difference in mothers' rearing style.However,there are grade differences in fathers' punishment and severity,among which Grade 9 got the lowest score,and Grade 8 got the highest score.There is no grade difference in self-esteem and altruistic behavior.(3)The two dimensions of the parental rearing patterns,emotional warmth and understanding mode,favorite subjects mode,have a significantly positive correlation with children's self-esteem.While the hard-punishment,rejection and denial,over protection and over intervention of fathers' attitude is significant negative to the self-esteem.Similarly,over protection,excessive intervention,hard-punishment,rejection and denial also have negative to students' self-esteem.(4)Emotional warmth,understanding,favorite subjects and over protection in fathers' rearing way have significant positive relationship with the altruistic behavior.However,the emotional warmth,understanding,over protection and over intervention rearing style which are showed by the mothers are positive to the altruistic behavior.So the level of self-esteem and altruistic behavior have distinctly positive relationship.(5)The self-esteem of junior school students is the intermediary of the altruistic behavior and parental rearing pattern.Namely,the self-esteem partially mediates the mode of emotional warmth and understanding in fathers' rearing pattern and altruistic behavior;and it also plays a fully mediating role of the favorite subjects style which is showed by the father and altruistic behavior.Besides,self-esteem was a mediator in the relationship between altruistic behavior and emotional understanding in mothers' educational mode.And the over intervention and excessive safeguard in mothers' rearing way are connected with altruistic behavior partially by self-esteem.