Marx's Philosophy Takes "practice" As The Core To Transform The Ontological Philosophy Into Existentialism

Current academic understanding of Marxist philosophy's ontological problem is most standing on the western traditional ontological philosophy's point of view,re-examining Marxist philosophy and the category of "Practice" through the Fundamental Horizon,Way of Thinking and even the World View of ontological philosophy,this is bound to cause the "Ontological" interpretation of Marxist philosophy and the category of "Practice".It performs as the Subjectivism or Substantialism understanding of "Practice" category,regarding it as a category that limited inside intrinsic consciousness areas,building by the pure thinking,having nothing to do with reality,static and no timeliness,defined abstractly.In order to clarify the true content of Marxist philosophy and its category of "Practice" in the context of Marxist philosophy itself,and show in what sense Marxist philosophy having realized the change and subversion of the traditional ontological philosophy,based on the three levels of Fundamental Horizon,Way of Thinking and World View,the paper investigate the difference between the traditional ontological philosophy and Marxist philosophy,in the process of showing the inner logic development history of the western philosophical "Ontological issues",prove the Existentialism properties of Marxist philosophy.First of all,In the aspect of the Fundamental Horizon of philosophy,the Ontological philosophy constructs "the Subjectivity of Rationality" based on the "Intrinsic Nature of Consciousness".Plato's "Theory of Forms" laid the basic model of the “Ontological Issues” of western philosophy and opened the "Subjectivity" tradition for western philosophy unconsciously;Marked by the "Ego Cogito" of Cartesian,no matter the Rationalism and Empiricism of Modern philosophy,they both devoted to exploring the “Ontological Issues” by the basic form of the relationship between the "Ego Cogito" and the "Substance" via the Epistemological perspective;In order to prove the Universal Inevitability of knowledge,Kant delimited the "Phenomenal Reality" and the " Noumenal Reality",and drove the latter out of the field of rational cognition,but the basic conceive of his philosophy was still to replace the relationship between the "Ego Cogito" and the "Substance" by the relationship between the“Transcendental Ego” and the “Thing-in-Itself”at a higher level;Hegel realized the difficulties which traditional ontological philosophy confronted,his "Absolute Spirit" was indeed apowerful attempt for breaking through the intrinsic consciousness orientation of "Ego Cogito",but in Marx's opinion,the philosophical stance of Hegel was still limited in the field of intrinsic pure consciousness.Based on the “Object-oriented Activities” of the "Realistic Individual",Marx constructed the new philosophical Fundamental Horizon of "the Subjectivity of Practice" corresponding to “the Subjectivity of Rationality” of traditional ontological philosophy.In Marx's philosophy,“Object-oriented Activities” and "Practice" can only be the activity of people who existing in reality,rather than the pure speculative game in the field of intrinsic pure consciousness.Secondly,In the aspect of the philosophical Way of Thinking,setting out from the stance of pure consciousness,traditional ontological philosophy formed a Rationalism Way of Thinking that limited inside the pure consciousness and asking the question of "What Is",which core is to prove the identity between “Thinking” and “Existence”.The problem of identity between“Thinking” and “Existence” presented as the pursuit of essence of the world in the context of ancient Greek philosophy;It presented as the problem of the relationship between the "Ego Cogito" and the "Substance",the problem of proving the Universal Inevitability of knowledge,in the context of Modern philosophy;It presented as the problem of the relationship between the“Transcendental Ego” and the “Thing-in-Itself” in the context of Kant philosophy.Through the delimitation between the "Phenomenal Reality" and the " Noumenal Reality" and declaration of agnostic of the latter in Kant philosophy,traditional ontological philosophy showed the insuperable difficulties in the context of Rationalism Way of Thinking.Hegel realized the defect of this way of thinking that asking "What Is",based on compromising the tradition of Subjectivity and Subtantialism of western philosophy,Hegel put forward the new philosophical principle that “Substance is Subject”,therefore,he achieved the dynamic identity between“Thinking” and “Existence” through the dynamic dialect movement from “Spirit” to “Absolute Spirit”.Hegel's solution to the problem of traditional ontological philosophy was actually involved in the renovation to traditional philosophical Way of Thinking,because of the introducing of Dialects,Hegel's philosophy attempted to answer the question of “How to Be”rather than only asking “What Is”,which was a decisive enlightenment to Marx.But in the standpoint of Marxist philosophy,this Hegel was still limited inside the traditional ontological philosophical Horizon,the dynamic identity between “Thinking” and “Existence” achieved bythe dynamic dialect movement of Spirit was still limited inside the field of intrinsic pure consciousness.Based on the Practical-Existentialism activities of “Realistic Individual”,Marx formed the Practical-Existentialism way of thinking through the pursuit of “How to Be”.Up the foundation of the Practical-Existentialism activities of “Realistic Individual”,Marx achieved the subversion and renovation of traditional philosophical Way of Thinking in the interpretation of the question including the essence of understanding,the essence of human being and the essence of society.Finally,In the aspect of the philosophical World View,through the intrinsic consciousness orientated “Subjectivity of Rationality” and Way of Thinking that asking “What Is”,traditional ontological philosophy shaped the person that animated,existing in reality and the world inside which people living into the concept and category that closed inside the field of intrinsic pure consciousness,the relationship between “Thinking” and “Substance” as the core of the traditional ontological philosophical question was actually the abstract expression of the relationship between Man and the World which existing in reality.From the ancient Greek philosophy to Hegel,the pursuit of the identity between “Thinking” and “Substance” at the western philosophical history is actually the prove of the identity between Man and the World which limited inside the field of intrinsic pure consciousness.In order to resist the unrealistic abstract and speculation of philosophy by Hegel,D.F.Strauss and B.Bauer from Young Hegelian seized “Substance” or “Self-awareness” respectively to resist Hegel's philosophical system,in the result,because of still limitation inside the Fundamental Horizon and the Way of Thinking of the traditional ontological philosophy,they cannot only achieve the return from philosophy to reality,but also actually result a theory failure corresponding to Hegel.L.A.Feuerbach was the first philosopher who truly realized what's the problem of the traditional ontological philosophy,his emphasis on the stance of realistic sensibility pointed the key of the speculative philosophy,but constrained by failing to understand the true meaning of Hegel's philosophy thought of Dialectics,making him missed the opportunity to find a brand new philosophical way of thinking,failing to guide philosophy return to the true reality through the abstract "Perceptual Intuition".But all this failure in some sense paved the way for Marxist philosophy's road to achievement,based on the Practical-Existentialism activities of “Realistic Individual” who coming from the certain specific historical social relations,Marxist philosophy understood the relationshipbetween Man and the World as a realistic existent progress that constructed by the practical activities of realistic people.In this sense,Marxist philosophy transformed the traditional Ontological philosophy into Existentialism philosophy through the core of "Practice",transforming the traditional speculative "Ontological Issues" into the “Existential Issues” that shaped in people's realistic practice.Marxist philosophy and the category of “Practice” should be held in the brand new Fundamental Horizon,Way of Thinking and World View,and in this context,there is no traditional philosophical "Ontological issues" in Marxist philosophy,it is wrong to understand and interpret Marxist philosophy from the “Ontological” point of view as well.