Huang Tong And The Land Reform In The Period Of The Nationalist Government

In 30s twentieth Century,there was a serious economic crisis in China's rural areas,that made the problems of land concentration,high land rent and contradiction between farmers and land become more prominent.So,the national government regarded land reform as the main policy to solve the rural problems.As an academic community in the study of land issues,the institute of land administration made plans for the land reform of the domestic government.In the meantime,they published a large number of rural land distribution,land tenancy relations,and other related articles to foster yeoman and discussed the problem of rural land in China.Huang Tong as an important political officer,a famous land economic expert and the initiator of the land finance domestic,also participated in that discussion and expressed his unique opinions,which provided policy basis for the land refoerm of the national governmnet.In 1920s,Huang Tong began to study the issue of land and wrote several works successively.In 1930s,Huang Tong returned to the country and was employed by the school of land and politics at the central political school to serve as a researcher on Land Finance.In 1940s,He took part in the pratice of land administration and carried out land financial work.During his teaching,he published a lot of articles on land finance in the newspapers such as "land and land" and "land administrtion monthly",and wrote the book "land finance",which systematically introduced the land finance system,and opened up a new field of land research in China.Huang Tong,a land finance expert,devoted himself to the field of politics in order to serve the motherland,and discussed the changes and evolutions of the land system in China in the past dynasties,which provided policy basis for the land reform in the period of the national government.Influenced by the theroy of land reform in Europe and America and the thought of Sun Zhongshan's average land ownershipi,Huang Tong has formed a systematic and unique land thought in many years' research and practice.His land thought was mainly divided into two stages.The first stage was mainly to study the problem of land ralations in China,that is the core of China's land problem.He believed that the foucus land problem was to improve the rural land,the avaerge land ownership and tiller advocate Sun Zhongshan's thought,advocated the reform of tenancy system,fostered yeoman and colonial mainland.The second stage was land fiancial soughts,namely the means to solve the land problem.He made the rural financial and land issues together,solving the land problems by land finance.By absorbing the concept of foreign land financial system and combing with the general chaaracteristics of the land problems,Huang Tong established a land policy that to change the ownership of land through Non violent revlution.As an important political officer of the national government and the director of Land Banking Department of China Farmers Bank,Huang Tong applied his land thought to practice,and played an important role in land managemnet and land finance practice,and promoted the land reform of the national government.Influenced by various reasons,although the land reform of the nantional government had achieved little success,we need to have an objective understanding and evaluation of Huang Tong's land thought and its land financial practice.On the one hand,we must see its difficulty in developing land finace under special wartime environment.On the other hand,we must admit the uniquenness of his thought.He initiated the new field of land research,perfected the rural financial system and promoted the land reform of the natinal government.The investigation of Huang Tong's land thought and practice is not only a summary of Huang Tong's achievement,but also conducive to in-depth discussion and research on the land reform policy implemneted by the national government during the Republic of China.