The Rise And Fall Of The Chang'an Imperial City In The Sui And Tang Dynasties

Chang'an City of Sui and Tang dynasties by the Miyagi,Imperial city and outer Guo City three parts.The outer Guo City is residential and commercial district which consisted of 108 neat rows of Li-Fangs and 2 markets.The four Li-Fangs of Xingdao,Kaihua,Wuben and Chongyi,which located on both sides of the Anshangmen Street outside the Imperial city,in the south of Imperial city,the east of Rosefinch Street,the west of Qixiamen Street,north of Anren and Changxing Li-Fang.They are the center of Sui and Tang Chang'an city on the geographical position.There are 325 years from the construction of Daxing City to the demise of Tang Dynasty,we can now find 87 messuages in the four Li-fangs,including non-private messuages of government office,temples,Taoist temples,hotels,and private messuages of different grades of officials even civilian.The number of messuages is large,the type is rich,the spatial form change is great.It is a miniature of social development in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.It has the important academic research value,and also provides the historical reference for the further protection and the construction of Xi'an historical and cultural city.This paper is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is the summarization of Xingdao,Kaihua,Wuben and Chongyi four Li-Fangs.First,this chapter briefly introduces the basic situation of Chang'an city of Sui and Tang dynasties and the position of four Li-fangs and illustrated by a map.Second,according to the literature and archaeological data,the size and shape of four Li-fangs were determined.There are only Heng-street and east and west two doors in shape of four Li-fangs.The width of the Heng-street is 18 meters,the width of along the wall street is 15-18 meters,the width of the lane is 6 meters.Li-fang be divided into 12 large districts and several communities by the Heng-street,along the wall street and lane.Third,according to various types of data statistics,there are 87 messuages in Four-fangs,including 70 private messuages,7 government offices,4 temples,2 Taoist temples,3 hotels and one tavern.Fourth,based on the study of the different grades of officials homestead allocation standard in 650×350 steps size Li-fang,combined with the actual situation of four Li-fangs,using area of conversion,this chapter infer the different grades of officials homestead allocation standard in this four Li-fang and the details are shown in table 3.The second chapter is the messuages examine and correct in Xingdao,Kaihua,Wuben and Chongyi four Li-Fangs.According to historical documents and epitaph,this chapter systematically examines the existing status,time,space scale and position of 87 messuages in four Li-fangs.After examine and correct,there are actually 61 private messuages and 16 non-private messuages in four Li-fangs.There is some breakthrough progress.First,the whole of the north half of Xingdao Fang is a messuage for level one officer,Xiao empress in Sui dynasties,Taiping princess,Li Lingwen and Zhen prime minister successively lived here.Second,the northeast of Kaihua Fang becomes a whole in 784 and a messuage for secondary officials,Li Yuanliang,Li Guangyan and Cui Cong successively lived here.Third,the messuage before Tangzhongzong emperor actually occupies the entire Jianfu Temple,not the eastern half of the temple.This messuage belonged to the Xiangcheng princess.This messuage was once belonged to Xiao Yu.Fourth,the Imperial Academy actually only occupies 1/6 of the Wuben Fang,not the western half of the Li-fang.It may retain dormitories for some of the students who have graduated.Fifth,Fang Xuanling's messuage actually only occupies 1/3 of the Wuben Fang,not the north of South-street.Sixth,Su Xu' messuage actually only occupies the western half of southwest corner in Chongyi Fang and Nanchang princess didn't live here.Seventh,Zhengjue Temple actually occupies the northen half of Chongyi Fang.It is nominally Tangruizong emperor's old messuage but Tangruizong emperor didn't live here.Eighth,the identity of Liu Jiatai and Yang Zhun is false in the epitaph,Cui Chuixiu and Cui Yun are actually the same person.Then this chapter analyze the real messuage in four Li-Fangs.The messuage that can be handed down by historical documents is not " public " or "expensive"," public " is government office and temple,"expensive" is senior official's messuage.And the lower official's messuages are mostly written in epitaph.On the messuages' characteristics of existence,the government offices and temples exist for a long time,small changes and large scale,but private messuages exist for a short time and big changes.Hotels and other commercial institutions have appeared in the late Tang Dynasty,where the state has weakened control.The third chapter is about the internal spatial morphology form of Xingdao,Kaihua,Wuben and Chongyi four Li-Fangs.This chapter is divided into seven periods,including Sui period,Tangaozu period,Tangtaizong period,Tanggaozong-Wuzetian period,T angzhongzong-T angxuanzong period,T angsuzong-T angwuzong period,Tangxuanzong-The late Tang Dynasty period.This chapter makes a table of four Li-Fang interior messuages and draws a interior map for each period.After research,Taoist Temple is the longest house type in four Li-Fangs,temple occupies an important position and the largest scale before the Huichang destroyed Buddhas.Because the rulers believe in Buddhism and Taoism in Sui and Tang Dynasties.There are prosperity and decline of society in Sui and Tang dynasties,the four Li-Fangs are no exception.The prosperity and decline of the four Li-Fangs are land utilization rate.The change of four Li-Fangs' land utilization rate approximate parabola and the trajectory of parabola is slightly delayed compared with the historical development of Sui and Tang dynasties.With the development and prosperity of society in Sui and Tang dynasties,the number of four Li-Fangs' messuages have been more and more,land utilization rate is also higher.When the Sui and Tang dynasties reached its peak and began to wane,four Li-Fangs' land utilization rates have increased over time and then began to fall.essuage Changes are deeply influenced by court changes.It is the reflection of politics in space and a microcosm of the history of Sui and Tang dynasties.