A Comparative Study Of "every Time", "from Time To Time" And "from Time To Time" Based On Chinese International Education

This thesis regards the frequency adverbs including"Shishi,Bushi,Shibushi"as the object of study,combines the research methods of analysis and comparison to study the similarity and difference from the angle of semantics,syntax,and pragmatics in synchronic perspective.In semantic feature,the similarities of the three frequency adverbs are repeatability,discreteness and fzziness.In time-system,all of them can be used in nine forms to indicate the past,the present and the future.The difference in measure is the frequency range."Shishi" is high-frequency,while "Bushi"and "Shibushi"are low-frequency.Sometimes,"Shishi"can be explained as at every moment so that it could be persistent.But"Buhsi"and"Shibushi"cannot express persistence.Besides,they are different in time phase."Shishi"could be used in activity situation and finality situation,while "Bushi"and "Shibushi"could be used in end situation and realize situation.In syntax feature,We examines the three adverbs' application,respectively from syntactic constituent,the collocation of verb,and choice of the auxiliary word and other adverbs.In syntactic constituent,all of them can serve as adverbial modifier,and their place are always between subject and predicate,but "Bushi"and "Shibushi"could also act as attribute.All of them can go with verb-object structure.What the difference is "Shishi" could hardly go with overlap verb and verb-complement structure with quantity phrase,which is inclined to match with persistent verb,while "Bushi"and"Shibushi"frequently go with overlap verb and verb-complement structure with quantity phrase,which is inclined to match with non-persistent verb.when they go with auxiliary word,"Shishi"usually do not match with "de",but Bushiand "Shibushi"are more easily go with "de".Compared with"Bushi"and "Shibushi","Shishi"always matches with "zhe".When "Shishi"and "le" appear in same sentence,the focus is the emergence of something new,which happens frequently.When "Bushi"or"Shibushi"and "le" appear in same sentence,the focus is that some kind of action takes place again and again.In addition,all of them can hardly match with "guo".When it comes to the choice of other adverbs,all of them can match with frequency adverbs including "shi",while the place in sentence is a little different.Besides,all of them can also match with evaluating adverb and connection adverb.Finally,"Shishi"could match with negative adverb,like"bu","mei",and double negation.Meanwhile,"Shishi"can go with summary adverb,but"Bushi"and "Shibuhsi"hardly ever go with negative adverb and summary adverb.In pragmatics feature,We mainly study from choices of sentence category,sentence voice and the style of language.Firstly,all of them could appear in positive declarative."Shishi"and"Shibushi"could appear in negative declarative,while"Buhsi"could not appear.Then all of them are mostly used in yes or-no question,a few could be together with the affirmative-negative question,none of them could be used in alternative question."Shishi"could appear in exclamatory sentence and imperative sentence,but the other two adverbs could not appear.On the choice of sentence patterns,all of them could be used in the active voice,passive voice and causative voice.But we need to pay attention that they could not match with causative usage caused by adjective.On the choice of the language style,according to the analysis of CCL corpus,the three frequency adverbs are extremely similar,which is compared with spoken style,they tend to appear in written style,and squint towards mass communication style and literature and artistic style.At last,they cannot appear in official transaction style.Finally,combining with vocabulary classification,teaching object and relevant teaching strategy,we make the teaching design of "Shishi,Bushi,Shibushi"on the basis of former conclusion,which aims to help classroom teaching.