Research On The Ethical Issues And Countermeasures Faced By Human Gene Editing Technology

The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology has the characteristics of high precision and simple operation,and genetic editing is applied to the human body.There are different types of human gene editing technologies.According to different editing cells,they are divided into somatic cell gene editing and germ cell gene editing;according to different editing purposes,they can be divided into medical purpose gene editing and non-medical purpose gene editing.The human gene editing technology has great application prospects for the treatment of Hepatitis B,AIDS,and genetic diseases,and will promote revolutionary changes in the medical field.The application of human gene editing technology also faces some ethical issues.First,there are controversies in the four aspects of the evaluation criteria of gene editing technology,the basic attitude of research and development,the timing of basic research and preclinical research,and the rationality of genetic editing by germ cells;The second is technical risk,safety and toxicity are unforeseen;the third is the embarrassment of human dignity,the abuse of non-medical target gene editing may lead to "eugenic campaign",and may cause changes to the human germ cell system.The fourth problem is the lack of ethics of responsibility.The ethical subjects of the application of human gene editing technology are not clear,and there is no supervision of ethical responsibility.To solve the ethical issues that human gene editing technologies faced,first,we must unify the understanding of human gene editing technology,advance the technological research and development of gene editing for medical purposes,and prohibit the editing of germ cell genes for non-medical purposes;secondly,we must respect and protect individual rights,such as the right to life and health,right-to-know,right to information privacy;Third,we must establish the international ethical principles of genetic editing,adhere to the principles of public welfare,non-harm,and the principle of informed consent.Fourth,we must establish and improve the laws and regulations,access and approval mechanisms for medical gene editing.Fifth,we must raise the awareness of responsibility of scientists and medical practitioners.Through the legal and ethical measures,circumvent the ethical issues brought by human gene editing technology,and benefit humans.