Research On "De" Theory In Zhouyi

The Book of Changes itself is a Book of divination,which has been made for the sake of seeking good fortune and profit through long-term experience accumulation.However,it contains abundant philosophical thoughts,which can be called the origin of Chinese philosophy.After the Book of Changes,there is Yizhuan,collectively known as the Book of Changes.Although the theory of "virtue" is not the core of Zhouyi's thought,it conforms to the ideological system of Zhouyi itself and is an indispensable part of the study of Zhouyi,which is of great significance to the study of Chinese philosophy.In the history of the study of the Book of Changes,there are mostly two parts about the content of "virtue" in the Book of Changes and the biography.Because of the confusion between the two parts in their generation,one-sided misconceptions about the biography of the Book of Changes often arise.Putting the classics and biographies of the Book of Changes into their historical periods,and discussing them separately and comparing them with each other,not only makes up for the vacancy of the theory of "virtue" in the history of the Book of Changes,but also makes a better understanding of the theory of "virtue" in the Book of Changes and restores the original appearance of the theory of "virtue" in the Book of Changes.Therefore,the study of "virtue" in Zhouyi is of far-reaching significance."De" appeared 6 times in different versions of the Book of Changes,one of which was suspected of being tampered with by later generations,and the other five contained the meanings of "position","nature,attribute","morality,virtue" and "grace".In the era of slavery with strict hierarchy,the concept and connotation of "virtue" derived from the meaning of "virtue" in the Book of Changes are not many,but it still embodies many progressive philosophical thoughts,such as dialectical thought,moral thought and political thought,which are of great reference significance to the ideological research in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties."De" appeared 73 times in the Book of Yizhuan,and its meaning is similar to that of the Book of Changes,but the meaning of "nature,attribute" and "morality and virtue" is used much more than that of the Book of Changes.With the change of writing and social system,the meaning of "virtue" in philosophical and ethical sense has been established,and the concept of "virtue" has been deeply rooted in people's hearts.Yizhuan takes Qian and Kun as the main lines to draw out a large number of concepts of "virtue" such as "virtue of the universe","virtue of the hexagram","virtue of the hexagram","virtue of the person" and so on.It covers the content of "Yi","Qian and Kun","heaven and earth","hexagram" and "human",and forms a complete system of "virtue" theory.Yizhuan inherits and develops the theory of "virtue" in the Book of Changes: in the view of nature,the thought embodied in the Book of Changes is completely covered in the dense fog of fate and theology;while Yizhuan has put forward the theory of universe generation based on "Qian" and "Kun" more than once,affirming the existence of "Qian" and "Kun",with a simple materialistic color.In the aspect of dialectics,the dialectical thought of the Book of Changes was very simple under the superstitious background of advocating "heaven","god" and "divination",while the Book of Changes embodied many dialectical viewpoints such as "change","unity of opposites".In terms of morality,the moral thought of the Book of Changes is very one-sided.The slave trade and the women's neglect conform to the moral code of conduct in the slave society,while the concept of "morality" in the Book of Changes is very rich,which is similar to the modern moral concept.In terms of political thought,the Book of Changes sprouted the idea of rule of virtue in the strict hierarchical system at that time,while the Book of Changes embodied the political thought with rich connotation of "virtue".From Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,during the transition from the old slavery system to the feudal system,the thought of "virtue" has made great progress in the aspects of nature,dialectics,morality and political thought,forming a huge ideological system.