Samusak And The Study On The Governance Of Huijiang In Qianjia Period In Qing Dynasty

When the Qing court put down the rebellion of the Khanate of Jungar,in the spirit of governing according to custom,the Big and Little Khojas(respectively Burhan-al-din and Khozi Khan)were nominated to manage affairs in the Uygur Xonjiang,but their rebellion broke the Qing court’s original intention of governing the Uygur Xinjiang.When the Qing court put down the rebellion of the Big and Little Khojas in 1759(the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong),to achieve long-term stability in the Uygar Xinjiang,instead of collective punishment,Qing court searched for their offspring and settled them in the capital Beijing.With the sentence of the Big and Little Khojas,their families in southern Xinjiang and Badakhshan were escorted to the capital Beijing.However,Samsaq,one of the sons of Burhan-al-din,escaped and made his way to Kokand which eventually became the fuse of a series of unrest in southern Xinjiang.Since Burhan-al-din has two wives with the same name Ashiahacha,and their sons both named Samsaq,the Qing court were misled and made omissions when searching for Burhan-al-din’s descendants.When the Qing court realized the fact,the other Samsaq have already fled to overseas.The Qing court wanted him to surrender and kept searching for him.In 1784(the forty-ninth year year of Qianlong),the adult Samsaq became active again and reached out to the domestic Khojas followers frequently.The Qing court hoped Samsaq could turn himself in,until the case of "sent letter for gathering money" happened did the Qing court realize that Samsaq had no intention to surrender,so Qing court changed to the "both exterminate and appease" policy.However,as Samsaq has grown up and gathered his own force,the Qing court never succeeded in subjugating him during the Qianlong period.At the beginning of Emperor Jiaqing’s reign,Samsaq sent someone to express his willingness to surrender,but the Qing court did not deal with it properly and lose the final chance to settle down the problem.Besides,Emperor Jiaqing even denied the existence of Sansaq.Songyun,the general of Yili,even started an unjust case of Yunus Event to deny the existence of Samsaq in order to cater Emperor Jiaqing.The ignorance of central and local government had a negative impact on the subsequent decision-making.The Qing court suspended the active prevention policy to Samsaq and his descendants since the Qianlong period.After the Yunus Event,the Qing court was more and more conservative on the issue of Samsaq,therefore overseas descendants of Khojas were able to accumulate their power without fear and at the end of Jiaqing period,their descendants started a series of continuously rebellion.